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Phase and Interface Engineering of Platinum–Nickel Nanowires for Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
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Pengtang Wang Kezhu Jiang Prof. Gongming Wang Prof. Jianlin Yao Prof. Xiaoqing Huang 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(41):12859-12863
The design of high‐performance electrocatalysts for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is highly desirable for the development of alkaline water electrolysis. Phase‐ and interface‐engineered platinum–nickel nanowires (Pt‐Ni NWs) are highly efficient electrocatalysts for alkaline HER. The phase and interface engineering is achieved by simply annealing the pristine Pt‐Ni NWs under a controlled atmosphere. Impressively, the newly generated nanomaterials exhibit superior activity for the alkaline HER, outperforming the pristine Pt‐Ni NWs and commercial Pt/C, and also represent the best alkaline HER catalysts to date. The enhanced HER activities are attributed to the superior phase and interface structures in the engineered Pt‐Ni NWs. 相似文献
995.
Interface Engineering of MoS2/Ni3S2 Heterostructures for Highly Enhanced Electrochemical Overall‐Water‐Splitting Activity
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Dr. Jian Zhang Dr. Tao Wang Dr. Darius Pohl Dr. Bernd Rellinghaus Dr. Renhao Dong Dr. Shaohua Liu Dr. Xiaodong Zhuang Prof. Xinliang Feng 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(23):6702-6707
To achieve sustainable production of H2 fuel through water splitting, low‐cost electrocatalysts for the hydrogen‐evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) are required to replace Pt and IrO2 catalysts. Herein, for the first time, we present the interface engineering of novel MoS2/Ni3S2 heterostructures, in which abundant interfaces are formed. For OER, such MoS2/Ni3S2 heterostructures show an extremely low overpotential of ca. 218 mV at 10 mA cm?2, which is superior to that of the state‐of‐the‐art OER electrocatalysts. Using MoS2/Ni3S2 heterostructures as bifunctional electrocatalysts, an alkali electrolyzer delivers a current density of 10 mA cm?2 at a very low cell voltage of ca. 1.56 V. In combination with DFT calculations, this study demonstrates that the constructed interfaces synergistically favor the chemisorption of hydrogen and oxygen‐containing intermediates, thus accelerating the overall electrochemical water splitting. 相似文献
996.
Existence and global exponential stability of almost periodic solution for delayed competitive neural networks with discontinuous activations
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In this paper, we study a class of delayed competitive neural networks with discontinuous activations. Without assuming the boundedness and local Lipschizian on the activation functions, some new criteria ensuring the existence and global exponential stability of almost periodic solutions for the neural network model considered in this work are established by constructing some suitable Lyapunov functionals and employing the theory of nonsmooth analysis. Finally, we present some applications and numerical examples with simulations to show the effectiveness of our main results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
997.
Almost periodic solutions for neutral‐type neural networks with the delays in the leakage term on time scales
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In this paper, a class of neutral‐type neural networks with delays in the leakage term on time scales are considered. By using the Banach fixed point theorem and the theory of calculus on time scales, some sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence and exponential stability of almost periodic solutions for this class of neural networks. The results of this paper are new and complementary to the previously known results. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of our results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
998.
Gonzalo Alduncin 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2016,39(18):5242-5257
Macro‐hybrid mixed variational models of two‐phase flow, through fractured porous media, are analyzed at the mesoscopic and macroscopic levels. The mesoscopic models are treated in terms of nonoverlapping domain decompositions, in such a manner that the porous rock matrix system and the fracture network interact across rock–rock, rock–fracture, and fracture–fracture interfaces, with flux transmission conditions dualized. Alternatively, the models are scaled to a macroscopic level via an asymptotic process, where the width of the fractures tends to zero, and the fracture network turns out to be an interface system of one less spatial dimension, with variable high permeability. The two‐phase flow is characterized by a fractional flow dual mixed variational model. Augmented two‐field and three‐field variational reformulations are presented for regularization, internal approximations, and macro‐hybrid mixed finite element implementation. Also abstract proximal‐point penalty‐duality algorithms are derived and analyzed for parallel computing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
999.
Persistence of undercompressive phase boundaries for isothermal Euler equations including configurational forces and surface tension
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The persistence of subsonic phase boundaries in a multidimensional Van der Waals fluid is analyzed. The phase boundary is considered as a sharp free boundary that connects liquid and vapor bulk phase dynamics given by the isothermal Euler equations. The evolution of the boundary is driven by effects of configurational forces as well as surface tension. To analyze this problem, the equations and trace conditions are linearized such that one obtains a general hyperbolic initial boundary value problem with higher‐order boundary conditions. A global existence theorem for the linearized system with constant coefficients is shown. The proof relies on the normal mode analysis and a linear form in suitable spaces that is defined using an associated adjoint problem. Especially, the associated adjoint problem satisfies the uniform backward in time Kreiss–Lopatinski? condition. A new energy‐like estimate that also includes surface energy terms leads finally to the uniqueness and regularity for the found solutions of the problem in weighted spaces. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
1000.
B. Kjellmert 《Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations》2016,32(2):418-444
Here are described four solvers for time‐harmonic electromagnetic fields in checkerboard patterns. A pattern is built by four squares with constant permittivity, or . It is enclosed by conducting walls or is a unit cell of a periodic structure. The field is represented in two ways: by , the transverse component of the magnetic induction, and by , the magnetic vector potential in Lorenz gauge. and satisfy Helmholtz equations in each square as well as transmission and boundary conditions (BCs). These governing equations yield eigensolutions and , which are found to be at worst. Variational versions of the governing equations are introduced. The weak formulations for are standard, while those for are new. They imply that the derivative transmission and BCs are satisfied weakly on interfaces between regions with different permittivity. Eigenpairs are computed approximately by spectral element methods. They yield mutually consistent eigenpairs. However, only about half of the eigenpairs () correspond to eigenpairs (). For each set of BCs, the first few eigenfrequencies are given by tables, and some of the eigenfunctions are presented by contour plots. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 32: 418–444, 2016 相似文献