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991.
Absorption spectra of β -carotene in 31 solvents
are measured in ambient conditions. Solvent effects on the 0--0 band
energy, the bandwidth, and the transition moment of the S0 →
S2 transition are analysed. The discrepancies between published
results of the solvent effects on the 0--0 band energy are
explained by taking into account microscopic solute-solvent
interactions. The contributions of polarity and polarizability of
solvents to 0--0 band energy and bandwidth are quantitatively
distinguished. The 0--0 transition energy of the S2 state at the gas
phase is predicted to locate between 23000 and 23600~cm-1. 相似文献
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Proximity effects in normal metal/insulator/ferromagnetic semiconductor/superconductor (NM/I/FS/SC) and NM/I/SC/FS junctions are studied based on an extended Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk (BTK) theory. It is found that the magnitude of the proximity effects depends to a great extent on the mismatches of the effective mass and band between the FS and SC. For NM/I/FS/SC junction, the transition of the tunneling conductance from “0” to “π” state is determined by the mass, magnetic exchange energy in FS and the thickness of FS. For NM/I/SC/FS junctions, the conductance spectrum is spin-dependent, indicating a local coexistence of weak ferromagnetism and s-wave superconductivity. 相似文献
999.
Using first-principles density-functional calculations, we have studied the structural and electronic properties of ultrathin ZnO {0001} nanofilms. The structural parameters, the charge densities, band structures and density of states have been investigated. The results show that there are remarkable charge transfers from Zn to O atoms in the ZnO nanofilms. All the ZnO nanofilms exhibit direct wide band gaps compared with bulk counterpart, and the gap decreases with increased thickness of the nanofilms. The decreased band gap is associated with the weaker ionic bonding within layers and the less localization of electrons in thicker films. A staircase-like density of states occurs at the bottom of conduction band, indicating the two-dimensional quantum effects in ZnO nanofilms. 相似文献
1000.
Three different statistical measures of complexity are explored for the atoms He to Ra. The measures are analysed in both position and momentum spaces. Relativistic effects on the complexity indexes are systematically studied. These effects are discussed in terms of the information content factor and the disorder terms of the complexity indexes. Relativistic and non-relativistic complexity indexes are calculated from Optimized Effective Potential densities. 相似文献