Identification and spectra–structure determination of soil minerals: Raman study supported by IR spectroscopy and X‐ray powder diffraction

Raman and IR spectroscopy were used for the characterization of several minerals in morphologically similar vertisol sequences from Kiževak (Serbia). It helped us to establish the surface layer transition going from calcic vertisols (containing gypsum and calcite) to calcimagnesic vertisols (containing aragonite, magnesium‐calcite and dolomite) derived from peridotite and serpentinite. The observed band positions are found to be solely characteristic for each carbonate mineral and are used to discuss the main structural features of carbonates and sulfates present in the studied soil. It was found that the dolomite, calcite and aragonite concretions are present in the deepest layer of the soil, whereas the gypsum is found in the topsoil. The identification was confirmed of the carbonates having calcite and aragonite structure, and the representative from the sulfate group (gypsum) was confirmed by X‐ray powder diffraction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synchrotron XANES and ED‐XRF analyses of fine‐paste ware from 13th to 14th century maritime Southeast Asia

The combination of energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (ED‐XRF) and synchrotron X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) provides the detailed composition of fine‐paste ware (FPW) kendis, dated back to 13th–14th century maritime Southeast Asia. Sources of clay and production sites were classified according to Al₂O₃, SiO₂, α‐Fe₂O₃ and γ‐Fe₂O₃ as well as trace elements. The similarities based on these components provided another evidence of a trade route between Kota Cina in North Sumatra of Indonesia and Kok Moh on Satingphra Peninsula, a well‐known production area in present‐day Thailand. In additions, the uniquely large contribution of α‐Fe₂O₃ in XANES spectra suggests that Nakhon Si Thammarat province of Thailand could also be one of FPW production areas in maritime Southeast Asia. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Polarization‐controlled surface plasmon holography

The ability of generating arbitrary surface plasmon (SP) profiles in a controllable manner is of particular interest in designing plasmonic imaging, lithography and forcing devices. During the past decades, holography has gained enormous interest and achievements in free‐space three‐dimensional displays. Here, by applying a two‐dimensional version of holography, we experimentally demonstrate a generic method to control the SP profiles. Through controlling the orientation angles of two separated slits under circular polarization incidence, the amplitude and phase of the excited SPs can be freely manipulated, which allows direct generation of the desired SP profiles. A series of controllable SP holography schemes are theoretically and experimentally demonstrated, where the holographic SP profiles with high imaging quality can be dynamically modulated by varying the circular polarization handedness or orientation angle of linear polarization. The universality and simplicity of the proposed design strategies would offer promising opportunities for practical plasmonic applications.

     

莫桑比克摩根石的谱学特征研究

近几年摩根石凭借它独特的色彩悄然兴起。采用常规仪器测试、激光剥蚀等离子质谱(LA-ICP-MS)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV)、红外光谱(IR)和拉曼光谱(Raman),对产自莫桑比克的摩根石基本性质、化学成分特征、谱学性质进行了较为详细的分析。紫外-可见光谱获得样品主波长、饱和度、明度等相关颜色参数;成分测试显示样品摩根石中Li,Rb,Cs,Mn等含量较高,计算所得到的晶体化学式为Be_3.2090Al_2.0757Li_0.425Si_5.664O₁₈(Na_0.1420Cs_0.1316);红外光谱显示,摩根石的结构振动区主要在指纹区400～1 200 cm-1,其中900～1 200 cm-1为Si—O—Si环的振动区,550～900 cm-1为Be—O振动区,而450~530 cm-1为Al—O振动区。由于摩根石中的Cs元素的含量较高,而Cs为原子序数较高的元素,其存在可能令Si—O—Si环振动谱峰向低频位移。拉曼光谱显示1 065 cm-1为Si—O非桥氧伸缩面内振动,1 000 cm-1左右为Be—O的非桥氧伸缩面外振动,685 cm-1为Si—O—Si的变形面内振动,400 cm-1为O—Be—O的面外弯曲振动,在390 cm-1处为Al—O的面外变形振动,在320 cm-1处为Al—O的面外弯曲振动。     

肉桂酸合成方法的改进及其红外光谱分析

苯甲醛与乙酸酐在碳酸钾的催化下发生Perkin反应可制得肉桂酸,产率可达93%,实验过程中用萃取的方法代替水蒸汽蒸馏去除未反应的苯甲醛,简化了反应步骤,缩短了反应时间,并对产物的红外光谱进行了分析。     

近场宽带电场耦合天线的高频结构模拟器软件仿真及性能分析

近场宽带电场耦合天线是一种新型的短距离、高速无线通信天线,它是索尼公司力推的近距离高速无线通信技术——.Transferjet^TM的工作天线.使用高频结构模拟器软件,对一种典型的近场宽带电场耦合天线进行了参数化的结构设计;通过仿真模拟,分析短截线的线长和线宽,以及耦合电极的面积对天线中心频率和工作带宽的影响;分析了天线间的距离和夹角,以及耦合电极的面积,对天线传输损耗和性能的影响.设计了一个满足Transferjet^TM技术指标的小尺寸天线,给出了性能仿真结果.     

空间调制傅里叶变换红外光谱仪多级微反射镜倾斜误差分析

空间调制傅里叶变换红外光谱仪无可动部件,系统稳定而紧凑,而且程差可控,可实现在线监测和实时检测。多级微反射镜是光谱仪干涉系统的关键器件,其在系统中的位置精度对光谱仪性能影响很大。本文对多级微反射镜的倾斜误差引起的光程差变化进行了理论计算,并利用光学软件进行了模拟仿真。分析结果表明,随着多级微反射镜倾斜角度的增大,干涉图对比度下降,对应的光谱图脉冲谱线展宽,信噪比下降,严重时会出现波数偏离。以上分析方法对后期系统公差分配及装调有着重要的指导意义。     

六种蜂花粉的红外光谱三级鉴别研究

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)结合二阶导数谱和热扰动下的二维相关红外光谱技术对6种不同花粉,即杏花花粉、油菜花粉、茶花花粉、西瓜花粉、荷花花粉和虞美人花粉,进行了快速无损的鉴别。结果表明,在一维红外光谱图上,不同花粉的蛋白质、脂肪和糖类物质的特征吸收峰在相对峰强和峰位上均存在一定的差异,在二阶导数谱上差异很明显。而在二维红外谱图上,由于6种花粉的自动峰及相关峰峰簇的位置和数量不同,其差别体现得更为明显和直观。因此,三级红外宏观指纹图谱法是鉴别不同蜂花粉种类的一种有效和快速检测方法。     

利用近红外光谱技术预测粗皮桉木材弹性模量

采用近红外光谱分析技术,对粗皮桉木材弹性模量进行了快速预测研究.使用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)分析法和常规力学测试方法测定了粗皮桉木材无疵小试样的弹性模量,并用近红外光谱仪采集试样径切面和弦切面的近红外漫反射光谱,对原始光谱进行二阶导数预处理,并选择410～2 480 nm光谱段建立回归模型.以2/3的试样作为校正集建立弹性模量的偏最小二乘法校正模型,以1/3/的试样作为预测集对模型进行验证.结果表明,粗皮桉木材的弹性模量与近红外光谱之间有较好的相关性,纵向弹性模量和抗弯弹性模量的预测模型的相关系数分别为0.93和0.81,相对分析误差分别为2.70和1.71.利用近红外光谱分析方法可以实现对粗皮桉木材无疵小试样弹性模量的快速预测.     

双通道数字红外辐射计的研究

 针对目前所使用的红外辐射强度测试系统的不足,提出双通道数字红外辐射计的方案,即在同一红外辐射计中设计两套相互独立的红外辐射强度测试通道,在红外辐射产品点火试验测试中,双通道测试同时工作,同时进行数据采集。用研制的双通道数字红外辐射计分别在室温（25℃）和低温（-15℃）条件下进行6次对比试验,结果表明：两系统测试的误差小于5%,双通道数字红外线辐射计两通道之间误差小于5％,原1905A测试系统出现2次漏测,双通道数字红外辐射计无漏测。