全文获取类型
收费全文 | 931篇 |
免费 | 190篇 |
国内免费 | 64篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 839篇 |
晶体学 | 42篇 |
力学 | 3篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
数学 | 3篇 |
物理学 | 295篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 39篇 |
2021年 | 27篇 |
2020年 | 40篇 |
2019年 | 34篇 |
2018年 | 27篇 |
2017年 | 22篇 |
2016年 | 58篇 |
2015年 | 46篇 |
2014年 | 64篇 |
2013年 | 101篇 |
2012年 | 62篇 |
2011年 | 46篇 |
2010年 | 38篇 |
2009年 | 41篇 |
2008年 | 51篇 |
2007年 | 43篇 |
2006年 | 53篇 |
2005年 | 38篇 |
2004年 | 32篇 |
2003年 | 39篇 |
2002年 | 48篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 33篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 35篇 |
1997年 | 22篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 17篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1185条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
151.
Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani Afshin Maleki Hatam Godini Mohammad Hassan Mahmoudian Mohammad Amin Pordel 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2016,37(5):723-732
The aim of the present investigation was to immobilize nanocrystalline diatomite within calcium alginate matrix for the adsorption of Direct Red23 (DR23) in aqueous media. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the samples. As a result, the adsorption process obeyed pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9934) and Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9732) with a maximum adsorption capacity of 24.10 mg/g. The value of mean free energy (15.81 kJ/mol) demonstrated that the process has been taken place chemically. As the adsorbent dosage increased from 0.5 to 3.0 g/L, the decolorization efficiency (%) increased from 26.0 to 75.5%, respectively. Inversely, the decolorization efficiency (%) decreased from 98.0 to 29.0% with increasing initial dye concentration from 5 to 160 mg/L, respectively. The negative values obtained for Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) and positive value of enthalpy change (ΔH°) indicated spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process. 相似文献
152.
Prof. Songping Wu Dr. Cuiping Han James Iocozzia Mingjia Lu Rongyun Ge Rui Xu Prof. Zhiqun Lin 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(28):7898-7922
Germanium‐based nanomaterials have emerged as important candidates for next‐generation energy‐storage devices owing to their unique chemical and physical properties. In this Review, we provide a review of the current state‐of‐the‐art in germanium‐based materials design, synthesis, processing, and application in battery technology. The most recent advances in the area of Ge‐based nanocomposite electrode materials and electrolytes for solid‐state batteries are summarized. The limitations of Ge‐based materials for energy‐storage applications are discussed, and potential research directions are also presented with an emphasis on commercial products and theoretical investigations. 相似文献
153.
Exploiting Electrostatics To Generate Unsaturation: Oxidative GeE Bond Formation Using a Non π‐Donor Stabilized [R(L)Ge:]+ Cation
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Dr. Arnab Rit Dr. Rémi Tirfoin Prof.Dr. Simon Aldridge 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(1):378-382
The two‐coordinate germanium cation [(IDipp){(Me3Si)2CH}Ge:]+ has been synthesized, which lacks π‐donor stabilization of the metal center and consequently has a very small HOMO–LUMO gap (187 kJ mol?1). It undergoes a variety of facile oxidative bond‐forming reactions, most notably allowing access to the first examples of Group 14 metal cations containing M?E multiple bonds (E=C, N). The use of an electrostatic (rather than purely steric) strategy to discourage aggregation means that less bulky systems (for example, containing a primary alkylidene fragment, ?CHR) are accessible. 相似文献
154.
Zhaowen Dong Crispin R. W. Reinhold Dr. Marc Schmidtmann Prof. Dr. Thomas Müller 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(51):15899-15904
The synthesis of a bicyclic germylene from the reaction of a germole dianion with hafnocene dichloride is reported. This germylene is stabilized by a homoconjugative interaction of the dicoordinated germanium atom with a remote C=C double bond. First reactivity studies revealed its nucleophilic character and resulted in the synthesis of bimetallic hafnium/iron and hafnium/tungsten complexes with a germylene group linker. 相似文献
155.
Skin Bond Electron Relaxation Dynamics of Germanium Manipulated by Interactions with H2, O2, H2O,H2O2, HF,and Au
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Chemphyschem》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Lihong Wu Maolin Bo Yongling Guo Prof. Yan Wang Can Li Prof. Yongli Huang Prof. Chang Q Sun 《Chemphyschem》2016,17(2):310-316
Although germanium performs amazingly well at sites surrounding hetero‐coordinated impurities and under‐coordinated defects or skins with unusual properties, having important impact on electronic and optical devices, understanding the behavior of the local bonds and electrons at such sites remains a great challenge. Here we show that a combination of density functional theory calculations, zone‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and bond order length strength correlation mechanism has enabled us to clarify the physical origin of the Ge 3d core‐level shift for the under‐coordinated (111) and (100) skin with and without hetero‐coordinated H2, O2, H2O, H2O2, HF impurities. The Ge 3d level shifts from 27.579 (for an isolated atom) by 1.381 to 28.960 eV upon bulk formation. Atomic under‐coordination shifts the binding energy further to 29.823 eV for the (001) and to 29.713 eV for the (111) monolayer skin. Addition of O2, HF, H2O, H2O2 and Au impurities results in quantum entrapment by different amounts, but H adsorption leads to polarization. 相似文献
156.
157.
Yu Gao Xiaodong Pi Xunhai Wang Tianhao Yuan Qingjun Jiang Jianguo Lu Deren Yang 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2016,33(5):271-278
The doping of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) is crucial for the optimization of the performance of devices based on them. In contrast to recent progress on the doping of compound semiconductor NCs and silicon NCs, the doping of germanium (Ge) NCs has lagged behind. Here it is shown that Ge NCs can be doped with phosphorus (P) during synthesis by a nonthermal plasma. It is found that there are more P atoms in the NC near‐surface region than in the NC core. P doping modifies the surface state of Ge NCs. Compressive strain can be incuced in Ge NCs by P which can explain the P‐doping‐enhanced oxidation resistance of Ge NCs. Stable dispersions of P‐doped Ge NCs in acetonitrile can be cast to produce films for field‐effect transistors (FETs). FET analysis shows that the electrical conductivity and electron mobility of a Ge‐NC film increase with the increase of the P doping level, although the electrical activation efficiency of P in the Ge‐NC film is low. Finally, atomic layer deposition of aluminum oxide at the surface of P‐doped Ge NCs is shown to improve the performance of the FETs. 相似文献
158.
以目前国际上极为活跃开展的暗物质探测、无中微子双 衰变研究为例,评述了高纯锗探测器的重要性及其广泛的应用前景。介绍了己开展的高纯锗单晶、探测器制备的关键技术研究进展:合作单位已研制出了用于高纯锗单晶材料制备的区熔炉、单晶炉;并制备出直径为20 50 cm、纯度为12N(< 41011 atoms/cm3)、位错< 5000 atoms/cm2 的锗单晶;掌握了高纯锗探测器(平面型、同轴型)制备的关键技术,用进口高纯锗单晶材料制备出的同轴型高纯锗探测器对射线的能量分辨率及探测效率均达到进口产品指标,使用自制的12N 高纯锗单晶材料己制备出平面型高纯锗探测器。呼吁加速高纯锗研制的自主创新步伐,尽早实现其国产化目标。The article reviews importance and wide applications of HPGe detector, especially the application on the dark matter search experiment and double beta decay experiment. The research progress on the Highpurity germanium single crystal and HPGe detector in China has been introduced. The cooperation partner developed new type zone-refining furnace and single crystal furnace. The ultra-purity germanium single crystal with 20~50 cm, purity up to 12N(net impurity concentration is less than 41011 atoms/cm3), and dislocation less than 5 000 /cm3 was prepared. The key technologies for preparing planar and coaxial HPGe detector were mastered. The coaxial detector, which has been made of imported ultra-purity germanium single crystal has excellent energy resolution and efficiency as the imported commercial detector. The planar detector using selfmade germanium single crystal was also successfully manufactured. The research group appeals for speeding up the pace of independent innovation on the high-purity germanium, and achieving the high-purity germanium localization as soon as possible. 相似文献
159.
160.