气液界面胶体球刻蚀法制备二维有序多孔薄膜

作为一类重要的二维材料, 二维有序多孔薄膜受到人们的广泛关注. 气液界面胶体球刻蚀法是近些年发展起来的一种以漂浮在液面上的单层胶体晶体为模板来制备二维有序纳米结构的方法, 具有简单、高效、重现性好、适用范围广以及结构参数易调变等优点. 近年来, 我们课题组利用气液界面胶体球刻蚀法实现了包括多种无机物纳米网、纳米碗阵列和纳米网-纳米碗复合阵列在内的一系列自支撑二维有序多孔薄膜的可控制备, 考察了其二维光子晶体性质, 并研究了其在刻蚀掩膜、溶剂检测、生物传感、电阻开关器件、光电化学分解水等方面的应用. 本文在重点介绍我们课题组研究进展的同时, 也简要总结了该领域的整体发展状况并展望了该领域的今后发展方向.     

Investigation of resonant properties of metal core–shell nanoparticles using T-matrix calculations

Using T-matrix method, plasmon resonance properties of metal core–shell nanoparticles are systematically investigated. It is shown that dielectric/metal core–shell structure may be excited stronger at resonance than metal/dielectric and hetero-metal ones, but the resonance states are extremely sensible to the layers thickness. For three-layer nanospheres, resonance properties will be dominated by a sub-10 nm silver outermost shell, while only weakened by a silica one. Finally, tiny eccentric distance between the centers of core and shell in eccentric two-layer nanoparticles may fundamentally change the resonance mode of nanoparticles, and results in higher local electrical field enhancement than concentric nanospheres.     

A facile method to synthesize magnetic polymer nanospheres with multifunctional groups

Magnetic poly(styrene methyl methacrylate)/Fe₃O₄ nanospheres with ester groups were prepared by a modified one-step mini-emulsion polymerization in the presence of Fe₃O₄ ferrofluids. The effects of monomer dose, surfactant content, ferrofluid concentration and initiator content on the particle characteristics such as the size, morphology and magnetic properties were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer. The results indicated that magnetic nanospheres were superparamagnetic with high saturation magnetization of 51.0 emu/g and corresponding magnetite content of 61.5 wt%. Subsequently, magnetic nanospheres with carboxyl and amino groups were also obtained by hydrolysis and ammonolysis reaction. These magnetic nanospheres with multifunctional groups have biomedical applications.     

Synthesis of CdS/SiO2/polymer tri-layer fluorescent nanospheres with functional polymer shells

Tri-layer CdS/SiO2/polymer hybrid nanospheres were synthesized by distillation precipitation polymerization of either ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) or EGDMA together with comonomers having different functional groups,such as methacrylic acid,4-vinylpyridine and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate,in     

Magnetic solid‐phase extraction based on carbon nanosphere@Fe3O4 for enantioselective determination of eight triazole fungicides in water samples

In this work, a carbon nanosphere decorated by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was prepared, characterized and used as the magnetic adsorbent. Eight commonly used chiral triazole fungicides, including penconazole, uniconazole, paclobutrazol, triazolone, tebuconazole, hexaconazole, triticonazole and epoxiconazole were extracted from two environmental water samples (river water and lake water) by magnetic solid‐phase extraction, followed by the enantiomeric analysis on a Chiralpark IC column coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to evaluate their possible stereoselective degradation occurring in the water samples. The possible factors affecting the extraction performance, such as amount of used adsorbents, pH and ionic strength of water solution, types and volumes of desorption solvents were systematically investigated. Under the optimum conditions, extraction yields of eight triazole fungicides were above 80% and the concentration factors were as high as 1000. Method detection and quantification limits for the enantiomers of eight triazole fungicides were in the range of 0.56–6.95 ng/L. Satisfactory accuracy (relative recovery 77.8–93.5%), good intraday precision (RSD 4.3–9.8%) and interday precision (RSD 3.1–7.9%) were also obtained. The developed method provided the simplicity of operation, rapidity and high enrichment factor, which can be used to monitor and evaluate the behavior of the individual enantiomer of chiral triazole fungicides.     

金纳米颗粒的有序制备及其光学特性

采用纳米球蚀刻技术在石英衬底上制备了不同高度的金纳米颗粒阵列.通过扫描电子显微镜对其表面形貌进行了观测,表明金纳米颗粒为有序分布的三棱柱结构.通过红外—紫外吸收光谱仪在190—900nm波长范围内对其光吸收特性进行了测量, 并成功观测到了金纳米颗粒表面等离子体振荡效应引起的光吸收峰,结果表明随着金纳米颗粒高度的增加,其吸收峰的位置向短波方向移动(蓝移).同时对金纳米颗粒的光吸收特性进行了基于离散偶极子近似的理论计算,并与实验结果进行了比较. 关键词： 纳米球蚀刻技术 金纳米颗粒 离散偶极子近似     

纳米球和核壳纳米球对有机太阳能电池光吸收增强效果的研究

研究了SiO2纳米球、Ag纳米球、SiO2@Ag核壳纳米球、Ag@SiO2核壳纳米球结构分别掺杂到有机太阳能电池的活性层中对器件活性层的光捕获能力增强作用.结果显示:相较于等效的平板结构,掺杂SiO2介质球使活性层光吸收提高了9.95;;Ag金属球则带来11.0;光吸收增强.表明在有机太阳能电池中的活性层中掺杂参数优化的金属球和介质球都能够带来活性层光吸收增强.另外,对活性层中掺杂核壳纳米球结构的研究表明:掺杂SiO2@Ag核壳纳米球的活性层光吸收随着包覆层厚度的增加而增加,当Ag壳厚度为16 nm时,增强效果与掺杂最优的介质球的效果接近,而且两者增强谱也基本相同;掺杂Ag@SiO2核壳纳米球结构中活性层光吸收随着介质包覆层厚度增加而减弱,当包覆层厚度为1 nm时,吸收效果与金属球相当,且吸收谱也是基本相同.通过在有机太阳能电池活性层中掺杂介质球、金属球以及核壳纳米球所带来的活性层光吸收增强效果的研究,为选择掺杂纳米球和核/壳纳米球来提高光捕获能力提供了指导.     

Preparation of Hollow Polypyrrole Nanospheres in Niosome System

Hollow polypyrrole nanospheres were successfully prepared in a Span80/PEG400/H₂O(PEG=polyethy-lene glycol) niosome system. The formation and morphology of the nanospheres vary with the concentrations of pyrrole monomer, salt and Span80. The shell thickness of the nanospheres increases gradually with monomer content. NaCl can promote the formation of the nanospheres. The formation mechanism of the nanospheres was discussed.     

单分散SiO2微球的制备及疏水改性研究

采用改进的凝胶-溶胶法制备了200~800 nm的单分散SiO2微球,并通过真空冷冻干燥法得到不易团聚的单分散SiO2粉体,采用乙醇超临界方法对制备的SiO2微球进行疏水改性.通过扫描电镜和氮吸附-脱附分析仪对SiO2微球的表面形貌、粒径以及孔径分布进行表征;用傅里叶红外变换测试和测量接触角对疏水改性的SiO2微球进行分析.结果表明SiO2微球粒径随二次加入TEOS体积增加呈先增大后减小.经过乙醇超临界处理,SiO2微球表面成功接枝上了疏水烷基,微球尺寸越小,疏水性越好,其接触角高达149°,单次SiO2微球处理量对结果无明显影响.采用本方法可以单次处理12 g以上的SiO2微球,接触角均在140°左右,可充分满足实验室使用需求.经过真空冷冻技术和乙醇超临界技术得到疏水单分散SiO2微球粉体,具有不易团聚及单分散性良好的优点,能够作为胶体晶体原料和三维有序材料(3-DOM)模板剂进行广泛应用.     

Successive,Seed‐Mediated Growth for the Synthesis of Single‐Crystal Gold Nanospheres with Uniform Diameters Controlled in the Range of 5–150 nm

A simple and robust route is described to the synthesis of single‐crystal Au nanospheres with diameters controlled in the range of 5 nm to 150 nm. The success of this synthesis relies on the use of single‐crystal Au spheres with different diameters as the seeds for successive growth and the use of a slow injection rate for the precursor to enable surface diffusion for the atoms added onto the surface of a seed. The diameters could be precisely controlled by varying the size and/or number of the seeds. The products exhibit excellent uniformity in terms of both size and shape and they are expected to find widespread use in a number of applications, including self‐assembly, fabrication of metallodielectric photonic crystals, plasmonics, and biomedical research.