Ultrafast nanoporous silica formation driven by femtosecond laser irradiation

A type of glass modifications occurring after femto‐second laser irradiation gives rise to strong (10⁻²) from birefringence. This form birefringence is thought to be related to index nanostructure (called nanogratings). Analyzing induced tracks in fused silica using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with nm resolution shows that nanostructures are porous nanoplanes with an average index lower than typical silica (Δn ∼ –0.20). Their origin is explained as arising from fast decomposition of the glass under localized, high‐intensity femtosecond laser radiation where strong nonlinear, multiphoton‐induced photoionization leads to plasma generation. Mechanistic details include Coulombic explosions characteristic of strong photoionization and the production of self‐trapped exciton (STE). Rapid relaxation of these STE prevents recombination and dissociated atomic oxygen instead recombines with each other to form molecular oxygen pointed out using Raman microscopy. Some of it is dissolved in the condensed glass whilst the rest is trapped within nanovoids. A chemical recombination can only occur at 1200 °C for many hours. This explains the thermal stability of such a nanostructure. Precise laser translation and control of these birefringent nanoporous structures allo arbitrarily tuning and positioning within the glass, an important tool for controlling optical properties for photonic applications, catalysts, molecular sieves, composites and more.     

Bicontinuous Nanoporous Frameworks: Caged Longevity for Enzymes

The preparation of bicontinuous nanoporous covalent frameworks, which are promising for caging active enzymes, is demonstrated. The frameworks have three‐ dimensionally continuous, hydrophilic pores with widths varying between 5 and 30 nm. Enzymes were infiltrated into the bicontinuous pore by applying a pressured enzyme solution. The new materials and methods allowed the amount of caged proteins to be controlled precisely. The resulting enzyme‐loaded framework films could be recycled many times with nearly no loss of catalytic activity. Entropic trapping of proteins by a bicontinuous pore with the right size distribution is an unprecedented strategy toward facile in vitro utilization of biocatalysts.     

乙醇对纳米多孔氧化铝薄膜热释光的影响

以乙醇-草酸混合溶液为电解液,用二次阳极氧化法制备纳米多孔Al_2O_3∶C薄膜。在制备过程中,碳的掺杂浓度可控。实验结果表明,随着碳浓度的增加,热释光强度逐渐增大;随着退火温度的升高,320℃左右的主热释光峰的强度先升高后降低。在退火温度为500℃时,主热释光峰的强度达到最大。纯草酸溶液制备的Al_2O_3薄膜的热释光剂量响应曲线在10~50 Gy是线性的,在50~100 Gy呈超线性;而乙醇-草酸混合溶液制备的Al_2O_3∶C薄膜在10~100 Gy基本呈线性。     

An Ordered Nanoporous Monolith from an Elastomeric Crosslinked Block Copolymer Precursor

Summary: An ordered nanoporous monolith was prepared from a poly(isoprene‐b‐dimethylsiloxane) (PI‐PDMS) hexagonally packed cylinder precursor. The PDMS cylinders were macroscopically aligned, the PI was crosslinked with dicumyl peroxide, and the PDMS was removed using tetrabutylammonium fluoride. The stability of the pores depended on the modulus of the matrix. At high crosslink density the pores were stable, but they collapsed at a low crosslink density. The nanoporous materials could be swollen in toluene.

A scanning electron micrograph of the end‐on view of crosslinked degraded poly(isoprene‐b‐dimethylsiloxane).     

多孔纳米氧化铝薄膜上荧光分子光谱特性研究

通过两步电化学阳极氧化技术制备了孔径为40nm的多孔纳米阳极氧化铝材料(AAO),在AAO薄膜上分别填充了几种有机荧光分子使其形成高度有序的有机-无机复合体发光阵列,测定了此复合体的发射光谱．结果表明,AAO薄膜对有机分子具有较强的结合能力,其结合能力来源于物理和化学的协同作用．在AAO纳米薄膜上的有机荧光分子的最大发射波长均产生了明显的蓝移现象,初步探讨了此现象的机理．有机分子填充进入高度有序的AAO纳米孔阵列之中时,有机分子的聚集形式会发生改变并且也是高度有序的,同时由于极化作用使有机分子沿着纳米孔的轴向具有相对优势的分子取向,使有机分子在AAO纳米薄膜上形成了接近单分子层的高度有序的排列方式,增强了发光效率．     

Structure transition and photoluminescence of CdS/Si nanoheterostructure array on thermal annealing

CdS/Si heterojunctions have been prepared through growing CdS nanocrystallites (nc-CdS) on the silicon nanoporous pillar array (Si-NPA) by the chemical bath deposition method. Cadmium nanocrystallites (nc-Cd) have been observed and ascribed to the reducibility of Si-NPA. The reason for the appearance of CdO is indistinct and the related work will be done in the future. The blue, green and red emissions are ascribed to the silicon oxide layer, band gap of nc-CdS and the sulphur vacancies, respectively. Redshift and blueshift with the annealing temperature about green emissions are contributed to quantum size effect and the structure transition from nc-Cd to CdO. It is beneficial for investigating the structures and defects to the application of CdS/Si in the optoelectronic field.     

基于纳米多孔薄膜光学干涉的光学传感器

光学传感器是一种利用光把介质与目标分子的相互作用转换为光信号的装置.光学干涉是光学传感器中常用的技术,具有无需标记、无破坏性、响应迅速等优点.在光学传感器中光的干涉主要源于从单层薄膜上下表面反射的光或者从多层薄膜各个界面处反射的光.由于纳米多孔薄膜具有较高的比表面积,将其应用于传感器中能够提高传感器的灵敏度、降低检测限.常见的薄膜类型主要有单层、双层、多层（光子晶体）等.本文综述了多孔硅、阳极氧化铝、二氧化钛、金属有机骨架等纳米多孔薄膜材料的光学干涉在传感器中的应用,并对其进行了展望.