高分子辅助水热制备单晶碲纳米管

Te single-crystal nanotubes were synthesized using Na₂TeO₃ and (NH₂)₂CS as starting materials and pol-yacrymide (PAM) as morphology-director under hydrothermal conditions. The obtained products were characteri-zed by XRD, FESEM, SEM and TEM techniques. The results show that Te nanotubes grow along c axial with the inner diameters of 100～500 nm, wall thickness of 80～160 nm and lengths of 5～10 μm. A possible mechanism for the growth of Te nanotubes was discussed.     

石墨烯-聚吡咯纳米管杂化材料的制备及电容特性

使用化学连接的方法制备一种石墨烯-聚吡咯纳米管杂化材料。使用扫描电镜、透射电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、光电子能谱仪以及电化学工作站对产物的形貌、结构以及电容特性进行表征。结果表明,在杂化材料中石墨烯和聚吡咯纳米管分散均匀,在石墨烯与聚吡咯纳米管之间通过酰胺基团形成了共价键连接。此杂化材料在0.3 A.g-1电流密度下的比电容为1 368F.g-1,在1.5 A.g-1电流密度下的比电容为759 F.g-1,在1 000次循环伏安循环后的剩余比电容值为初始比电容值的85.5%,显示出良好的电容特性。     

Improved anti-Stokes energy transfer between rare earth ions in Er（0.5）Yb（9.5）：FOV oxyfluoride vitroceramics explains the strong color reversal

The widely used energy transfer theory is a foundation of luminescence,in which the rates of Stokes and antiStokes processes have the same calculation formula.An improvement on the anti-Stokes energy transfer to explain the fluorescence intensity reversal between the red and green fluorescence of Er(0.5)Yb(9.5):FOV is reported in the present article.The range of the intensity reversal Σ was measured to be 877.Dynamic processes for 16 levels were simulated.A coefficient,the improvement factor of the intensity ratio of Stokes to anti-Stokes processes in quantum Raman theory compared to classical Raman theory,is introduced to successfully describe the anti-Stokes energy transfer.A new method to calculate the distance between the rare earth ions,which is critical for the energy transfer calculation,is proposed.The validity of these important improvements is also proved by experiment.     

Polypyrrole-cobalt-carbon nanocomposites as efficient counter electrode materials for dye-sensitized solar cells

In this work, we demonstrate a new kind of Pt-free counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells(DSCs). Polypyrrole-cobalt-carbon(PPY-Co-C) nanocomposites, with the advantages of low cost and simple preparation, show favorable catalytic activity in promoting tri-iodide reduction. The DSC composed of the PPY-Co-C nanocomposite electrode exhibits an acceptable energy conversion efficiency of 6.01%, a considerable short-circuit photocurrent of 15.33 mA cm-2, and a low charge-transfer resistance of 1.5 Ω cm2. The overall performance of PPY-Co-C is superior to the carbon counterparts and comparable with the platinum reference, rendering them efficient and promising counter electrode materials for DSCs.     

DDAB修饰纳米氧化锌的合成及XANES研究

用改进的反胶束法合成了半导体纳米级氧化锌,表面由DDAB(双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵)修饰.改进的方法与传统方法的区别是反胶束法中所需要的水是由含水的锌盐直接提供,在有机溶剂中直接形成了微反应池.TEM(透射电子显微镜)照片证实了氧化锌的尺寸为纳米级,其粒径可由锌盐和DDAB的使用量之比来控制.并用基于北京同步辐射的X射线吸收近边结构谱来研究纳米材料的表面结构重组和畸变性质等.     

纳米晶粒在高压下的相转变

本文报道了晶粒尺寸对压力诱导相转变的最新进展。用热力学理论分析了造成纳米晶体材料（纳米晶）的相转变压力与同种大块材料不同的主要因素是体积变化比，表面能差和内能差。通过估算这三个因素的具体大小，可解释文献报道的实验结果，并可确定大块材料和纳米晶之间相转变压力发生差异的控制因素。在纳米晶中，晶粒尺寸对结构稳定性和相转变压力的影响与体系本身有关。     

Alumina‐supported nickel catalyst for liquid‐phase reactions: an expedient and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for hydrogenation reactions

The preparation of a new nickel(0)/Al₂O₃ catalyst for hydrogenation reactions is described. The nickel(0)/Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by impregnation of alumina with a solution of a nickel(II) salt. After drying, the nickel(II) salt was reduced under mild conditions into nickel(0) using t‐BuONa‐activated sodium hydride in tetrahydrofuran at 65 °C. The nickel(0)/Al₂O₃ catalysts obtained were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The supported catalysts were successfully used in solution‐phase hydrogenation of double and triple bonds. Although the activity of the nickel(0)/Al₂O₃ is comparable to non‐supported nickel(0) reagents, it has the advantage of being reusable more than ten times with only a slight decrease of reactivity. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于液体阵列比色传感器鉴别不同茶叶的新方法

基于茶多酚与三价铁的络合性以及对氧化铈的还原性,构建了交叉响应的液体阵列传感器,为茶叶种类的区分提供了一种新方法.利用水热法合成了硅酸锌空心微球和纳米棒作为三价铁的吸附剂,同时合成了可被茶多酚还原的纳米氧化铈,以硅酸锌-硫氰酸铁和氧化铈共同构建3×3阵列.对5种茶多酚和14种茶叶进行了检测,每个样本做5次平行实验,通过聚类分析(HCA)和主成份分析(PCA)方法对反应前后的图谱进行了分析.结果表明,该阵列能够将结构类似的茶多酚化合物准确区分,并且平行样本之间稳定性较好;同时对不同品种的茶叶样本区分效果良好,结合反应前后的差谱图可以实现对茶叶的定性分析.该方法在茶叶品质和食品质量的快速可视化检测方面具有潜在应用价值.     

Sacrificial template synthesis of ultrathin polyaniline nanosheets and their application in highly sensitive electrochemical dopamine detection

Unique functional nanomaterials as electroactive media for efficiently electrochemical biosensing have always been an ever-increasing topic in biotechnology and environmental fields. In this study, we report a simple sacrificial template-guided polymerization strategy to fabricate ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) polyaniline (PANI) nanosheets for electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA). By using vanadium pentoxide nanosheets as both sacrificial templates and oxidants, the resulting PANI nanosheets show an ultrathin thickness of ca. 4 nm with a favorable electrical conductivity of ca. 10 S cm^?1. Furthermore, PANI nanosheets have been modified on a glass carbon electrode for highly sensitive DA detection. The proposed DA sensor delivers a linear range of 0.5–300 μM with a low detection limit of 0.118 μM (S/N = 3). In addition, the as-fabricated electrochemical sensor exhibits an outstanding selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and repeatability, enabling its feasible application for DA detection in real samples. Therefore, the ultrathin PANI nanosheets reported here are good candidates as electrodes for the sensitive and selective DA detection.     

Signaling Pathways Regulated by Silica Nanoparticles

Silica nanoparticles are a class of molecules commonly used in drug or gene delivery systems that either facilitate the delivery of therapeutics to specific drug targets or enable the efficient delivery of constructed gene products into biological systems. Some in vivo or in vitro studies have demonstrated the toxic effects of silica nanoparticles. Despite the availability of risk management tools in response to the growing use of synthetic silica in commercial products, the molecular mechanism of toxicity induced by silica nanoparticles is not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of silica nanoparticle exposure in three types of cells including human aortic endothelial cells, mouse-derived macrophages, and A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells using toxicogenomic analysis. The results indicated that among all three cell types, the TNF and MAPK signaling pathways were the common pathways upregulated by silica nanoparticles. These findings may provide insight into the effects of silica nanoparticle exposure in the human body and the possible mechanism of toxicity.