二胺结构对聚酰胺复合纳滤膜性能的影响

分别以邻苯二胺、间苯二胺、对苯二胺为水相单体,均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)为油相单体,聚醚砜超滤膜为基膜,界面聚合法制备了复合纳滤膜.在纳滤膜对Na<,2>SO<,4>,MgSO<,4>,MgCl<,2>和NaCl四种盐的脱盐率中,间苯二胺膜最高,对苯二胺膜居中,邻苯二胺膜最差;在纳滤膜耐氯性能方面,对苯二胺最佳,邻苯二胺居...     

紫外辐照接枝制备亲水性两性纳滤膜

通过紫外辐照在酚酞基聚芳醚酮(PEK-C)超滤膜表面引发自由基共聚反应, 依次接枝二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DADMAC)和对苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS), 制成亲水性、表面载有两种不同电荷的纳滤膜. 通过测定膜的纯水通量和对不同盐溶液表观截留率的变化, 系统研究了单体浓度和接枝时间对膜的分离性能的影响. 结果表明, 用这种方法制成的亲水性两性纳滤膜对盐溶液的截留作用与两种单体在接枝液中的浓度和接枝时间有关. 膜对由高价同离子和高价反离子组成的盐表现出优良的截留作用.     

高分子纳滤膜的研究及进展

对高分子纳滤膜的发展背景以及国内外在这一领域的研究的研究进展作了详细的介绍。     

Composite nanofiltration membrane comprising one-dimensional erdite,two-dimensional reduced graphene oxide,and silkworm pupae binder

Composite nanofiltration membranes offer advantages because of synergetic effects among the constituent materials’ properties. However, the sustainability of both the membrane fabrication and the raw materials has been a drawback of this energy-efficient separation technology. We report the facile fabrication of a nanocomposite membrane composed of a two-dimensional (2D) material of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) combined with a one-dimensional (1D) material of a ternary metal-based chalcogenide (NaFeS₂ or NFS) using silkworm pupae protein as a natural binder. All the source materials can be derived from either nature or waste, ensuring the sustainability of the membrane and its production method. The structural characteristics of the synthesized membranes were analyzed, and the morphology of the composite membranes was studied thoroughly. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and nanoindentation characterizations indicated that the composite membranes were mechanically and thermally stable. The water and acetone fluxes; salt, dye, and pollutant rejections; and long-term membrane performance were evaluated using a cross-flow filtration system. Solute rejection was observed to increase (up to 98%, 94%, 95%, and 78% for Rhodamine B, 2,4-dichlorophenol, MgCl₂, and NaCl, respectively) with increasing concentration of the nanomaterials in the membrane. The fine-tuning of the molecular weight cutoff from 794 to 600 g mol^?1 was achieved by varying the concentration of the nanomaterials from 1 to 3 mg mL^?1. Our research findings demonstrate the synergetic effects of combining 1D and 2D materials using silkworm pupae binder. The composite membrane was stable in different classes of organic solvents, including hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, polar aprotic solvents, halogenated solvents, and ketones. This first use of natural pupae binder in constructing membrane materials paves the way toward the development of more sustainable membranes.     

High throughput study of phase inversion parameters for polyimide-based SRNF membranes

High throughput (HT) techniques were applied for the first time for a detailed study of parameters involved in a phase inversion process. The synthesis of integrally skinned asymmetric polyimide (Matrimid^®) membranes was investigated. In spite of being one of the most important materials of reference in solvent resistant nanofiltration (SRNF), a detailed study of the phase inversion parameters for this system is still missing. Phase inversion parameters were selected both on the level of the composition of the casting solution (polymer concentration, solvent type, co-solvent/solvent weight ratio, non-solvent content) as on the level of the post-casting (evaporation time) and immersion (composition coagulation medium) conditions. The study of this extensive parameter space was conducted in a HT-fashion, in which the entire membrane preparation and testing process was miniaturized, parallellized and automated. Thanks to the availability of reliable HT techniques at all levels (i.e. preparation of polymer solutions, membrane casting and membrane testing), 145 membranes were prepared and tested (in triplicate) in the separation of the dye rose Bengal from 2-propanol within a time frame of a few months, meaning a dramatic improvement in time- and cost-efficiency. An attempt was made to link the SRNF performances of the prepared membranes and their SEM-observed morphologies more fundamentally to the phase inversion parameters through the use of Hansen solubility parameters and viscosity measurements.     

Flow of Multicomponent Electrolyte Solutions through Narrow Pores of Nanofiltration Membranes

The slow flow of a multicomponent electrolyte solution in a narrow pore of a nanofiltration membrane is considered. The well-known semiempirical method of subdivision of electrical potential into quasi-equilibrium and streaming parts and the definition of streaming concentrations and pressure are discussed. The usefulness of this tool for solving the electrohydrodynamic equations is shown and justified: the use of a small parameter enables a system of electrohydrodynamic partial differential equations to be reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations for streaming functions. Boundary conditions for streaming functions at both the capillary inlet and outlet are derived. The proposed model is developed for the flow of a multicomponent electrolyte solution with an arbitrary number of ions. This is coupled with (i) the introduction of specific interactions between all ions and the pore wall and (ii) the inclusion of the dissociation of water in both conservation and transport equations. Effective distribution coefficients of ions are introduced that are functions of both the specific interaction potentials and the surface potential of the nanofiltration membrane material. The axial dependency of surface potential is expressed by the use of a charge regulation model from which the discontinuity in electric potential and ion pore concentrations at the pore inlet and outlet can be described.A relation between the frequently used capillary and homogeneous models of nanofiltration membranes is developed. An example of application of the homogeneous model for interpretation of experimental data on nanofiltration separation of electrolyte solutions is presented, which shows a reasonable predictive ability for the homogeneous model.     

Formation of appropriate sites on nanofiltration membrane surface for binding TiO2 photo-catalyst: Performance, characterization and fouling-resistant capability

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles were assembled on the surface of nanofiltration blend membrane. For settling TiO₂ on the membrane surface, two membrane categories were used: (i) unmodified polyethersulfone (PES)/polyimide (PI) blend membrane, and (ii) –OH functionalized PES/PI blend membrane with different concentrations of diethanolamine (DEA). These membranes were radiated by UV light after TiO₂ depositing with different concentrations. 15 min immersion in colloidal suspension and 15 min UV irradiation with 160 W lamps were used for modification. The modification resulted in the formation of a photo-catalytic property with enhanced membrane hydrophilicity. The self-assembly of TiO₂ nanoparticles was established through coordinance bonds with –OH functional groups on the membrane surface. A comparison between the UV irradiated TiO₂ deposited blend membrane and deposited-functionalized blend membranes showed that –OH groups originate excellent adhesion of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the membrane surface, increase reversible deposition, and diminish irreversible fouling. The membranes were characterized using SEM, FTIR, EDX, contact angle, cross flow filtration, and antifouling measurements. SEM images show that the presence of –OH groups on the DEA-modified membrane surface is the main parameter for extra uniformly settlement of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the membrane surface. This procedure is a superior technique for modification of PES/PI nanofiltration membranes to enhance water flux and minimization membrane fouling.     

壳聚糖-聚丙烯腈复合纳滤膜的氨气等离子改性

利用氨气低温等离子体对壳聚糖聚丙烯腈复合膜进行表面改性,制成了在低压、弱酸条件下,带正电荷的壳聚糖一聚丙烯腈复合纳滤膜。探讨了等离子处理时间、放电功率对膜亲水性改善效果的影响,采用单因素实验确定了最佳等离子体处理条件。通过扫描探针显微镜、接触角测试、表面光电子能谱检测等手段对膜表面进行了表征。经过等离体改性后,复合膜的亲水性及纳滤性能均大幅提高。改性后,在0．05MPa、pH≈6．7条件下,壳聚糖一聚丙烯腈复合膜对0．1mol／L的）,一氨基丁酸溶液的通量为3．19L／（m^2·h）,截留率为78％。