首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   2174篇
  免费   280篇
  国内免费   208篇
化学   2321篇
晶体学   13篇
力学   28篇
综合类   3篇
数学   12篇
物理学   285篇
  2024年   12篇
  2023年   56篇
  2022年   69篇
  2021年   77篇
  2020年   120篇
  2019年   115篇
  2018年   96篇
  2017年   131篇
  2016年   163篇
  2015年   113篇
  2014年   125篇
  2013年   277篇
  2012年   125篇
  2011年   133篇
  2010年   109篇
  2009年   115篇
  2008年   138篇
  2007年   115篇
  2006年   108篇
  2005年   103篇
  2004年   101篇
  2003年   74篇
  2002年   55篇
  2001年   38篇
  2000年   21篇
  1999年   22篇
  1998年   17篇
  1997年   12篇
  1996年   6篇
  1995年   3篇
  1994年   5篇
  1993年   1篇
  1992年   3篇
  1988年   1篇
  1987年   1篇
  1986年   1篇
  1984年   1篇
排序方式: 共有2662条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
141.
低成本、高性能的钠离子电池有望成为代替锂离子电池的下一代核心器件.但是开发出高比容量、高倍率的钠离子电池负极材料依然是瓶颈.本文通过水热/溶剂热法制备了Co基前驱体,然后将其一步硫/磷热处理制得具有空心多孔结构的h-Co9S8/CoP/C纳米复合材料.通过X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征以确定纳米复合物的物相以及形貌特征.当h-Co9S8/CoP/C作为钠离子电池负极材料时,该电极材料展示了高的比容量(561 mAh g-1@0.1 Ag-1)、较好的循环性能(可逆比容量200 mAh g-1@2 Ag-1)和倍率性能.h-Co9S8/CoP/C之所以显示出良好的储钠性能,主要得益于其空心多孔结构不仅提供更多的空间缓解钠在反复嵌入和脱出过程造成的体积膨胀效应,而且可以缩短离子/电荷扩散途径以加快反应动力学,此外,Co9S8、CoP和C独特的电子结构优势得以共同发挥.  相似文献   
142.
A series of polymer/clay nanocomposites containing mechanistically two different polymers, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(epsilon caprolactone) (PCL), were prepared by simultaneous copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition click reactions. Both clickable polymers, PEG-Alkyne and PCL-Alkyne, were simultaneously clicked on to azide-functional montmorillonite (MMT-N3) nanoclay to get corresponding PEG-PCL/MMT nanocomposites. The chemical structures of the resulting nanocomposites were verified by following azide and silicone-oxygen bands using FT-IR and characteristic bands of PEG and PCL segments using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The combined XRD and TEM analysis confirmed that all PEG-PCL/MMT nanocomposites had partially exfoliated/intercalated morphologies. In addition, the increase of MMT-N3 loading not only improved the onset and maximum degradation temperatures of the nanocomposites but also their char yields. Furthermore, the incorporation of MMT-N3 in the polymer matrix did not significantly influence the crystallization behavior of both PEG and PCL segments.  相似文献   
143.
In this study, Fe3O4-ZrO2 functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (Fe3O4-ZrO2@APS) nanocomposite was investigated as a nanoadsorbent for the removal of Cd(II), Cu(II), Mn (II) and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution and real samples in batch mode systems. The prepared magnetic nanomaterials were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersion x-ray (SEM/EDX) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Factors (such as adsorbent dose and sample pH) affecting the adsorption behavior of the removal process were studied using the response surface methodology. Under optimized condition, equilibrium data obtained were fitted into the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the data fitted well with Langmuir isotherms. Langmuir adsorption capacities (mg/g) were found to be 113, 111, 128, and 123 mg/g for Cd, Cu, Ni and Mn, respectively. In addition, the adsorption kinetics was analyzed using five kinetic models, pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, intraparticle diffusion and Boyd models. The adsorbent was successfully applied for removal of Cd(II), Cu(II), Mn (II) and Ni(II) ions in wastewater samples.  相似文献   
144.
Copper oxide(CuO),due to its low cost,good chemical and physical stability,has recently been given special attention as a potential candidate for antibacterial agents.However,developing novel CuO nanocomposites with improved antibacterial property and unraveling the interface promotion mechanism has been a fundamental challenge for decades.Herein,well-defined CuO/graphdiyne(CuO/GDY)nanostructures with uniformly anchored CuO nanoparticles(ca.4.5 nm)have been fabricated.The CuO/GDY nanostructure exhibited superior E.coli inactivation efficiency,which is nearly 19 times and 7.9 times higher than the bare GDY and commercial CuO,respectively.The improved E.coli inactivation performance was mainly due to the increased reactive O2-species generated by the activation of molecular O2 over CuO/GDY surface.These findings demonstrate the efficient antibacterial activity of well-defined CuO/GDY nanostructures and provide insights on the development of efficient GDY-based antibacterial materials.  相似文献   
145.
SmCo5+x wt% Fe (x=0x=0, 5 and 10) nanocomposite powders were synthesized by mechanical milling and were consolidated into bulk shape by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The evolution of structure and magnetic properties were systematically investigated in milled powders as well as in SPS samples. A maximum coercivity of 8.9 kOe was achieved in spark plasma sintered SmCo5+5 wt% Fe sample. The exchange spring interaction between the hard and soft magnetic phases was evaluated using δMH measurements and the analysis revealed that the SPS sample containing 5 wt% Fe had a stronger exchange coupling between the magnetic phases than that of the sample with10 wt% Fe.  相似文献   
146.
通过煅烧和静电自组装的方法制备了1T′ MoS2超薄纳米片和类石墨烯相氮化碳(g-C3N4)纳米片的复合材料. 该材料在光催化实验中展现出6.24 μmol?g?1?h?1的产氢速率, 优于贵金属铂修饰的g-C3N4纳米片的性能(4.64 μmol?g?1?h?1). 此外, 该复合材料在光催化降解有机染料甲基橙的实验中表现出0.19 min?1的催化速率, 而纯g-C3N4纳米片只有0.053 min?1的催化速率. 材料光催化性能的提升可归结于1T′MoS2 和g-C3N4之间的协同效应, 包括光吸收的增强以及因1T′MoS2优异电子导电性而得到的高效电荷分离.  相似文献   
147.
Poly(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) 50:50 (PLGA)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite films were prepared with various GO weight fractions. A significant enhancement of mechanical properties of the PLGA/GO nanocomposite films was obtained with GO weight fractions. The incorporation of only 5 wt% of GO resulted in an ~2.5‐fold and ~4.7‐fold increase in the tensile strength and Young's modulus of PLGA, respectively. The thermomechanical behaviors of composite films were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis. Results indicated that the values of Tg and storage moduli of the PLGA/GO composites were higher than those of the pristine PLGA. The improvement in oxygen barrier properties of composites was presumably attributed to the filler effect of the randomly dispersed GO throughout the PLGA matrix. In this work, we also studied in vitro biodegradation behavior. PLGA/GO composite films were hydrolyzed at 37°C for periods up to 49 days. Because of the presence of GO nanosheets, degradation of composite films took place more slowly with increasing GO amounts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
148.
Poly(o‐anisidine) (POA) and poly(o‐anisidine)‐TiO2 (POA‐TiO2) nanocomposite coatings on aluminum alloy 3004 (AA3004) have been investigated by using the galvanostatic method. The electrosynthesized coatings were characterized by FT ‐ IR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM ‐ EDX and SEM. The corrosion protection performance of POA and POA‐TiO2 nanocomposite coatings was investigated in the 3.5% NaCl solution by using potentiodynamic polarization technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the corrosion rate of the nanocomposite coatings is about 900 times lower than the bare AA3004 under optimal conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
149.
We report on a therapeutic approach using thermo‐responsive multi‐fingered drug eluting devices. These therapeutic grippers referred to as theragrippers are shaped using photolithographic patterning and are composed of rigid poly(propylene fumarate) segments and stimuli‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) hinges. They close above 32 °C allowing them to spontaneously grip onto tissue when introduced from a cold state into the body. Due to porosity in the grippers, theragrippers could also be loaded with fluorescent dyes and commercial drugs such as mesalamine and doxorubicin, which eluted from the grippers for up to seven days with first order release kinetics. In an in vitro model, theragrippers enhanced delivery of doxorubicin as compared to a control patch. We also released theragrippers into a live pig and visualized release of dye in the stomach. The design of such tissue gripping drug delivery devices offers an effective strategy for sustained release of drugs with immediate applicability in the gastrointestinal tract.  相似文献   
150.
Nanostructured xerogels have been prepared by the freeze‐drying of hydrogels and aggregates formed by bolaamphiphilic L ‐valine derivatives after aging under different environmental conditions. A wide variety of shapes and sizes has been achieved by a simple methodology. These nanostructures have been studied by SEM and WAXD and a dramatic influence of structural flexibility on the kinetics of aggregation has been observed. Such flexibility and a modulation of the hydrophobic effect have shown a profound influence in the packing of these compounds and revealed a high degree of polymorphism.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号