不同CuO/CeO2催化剂上CO低温氧化反应

 分别用热解硝酸铈法和浸渍法制备了不同物性的CeO2粉体和相应的CuO/CeO2催化剂,并用XRD, HRTEM和TPR等对样品进行了表征,利用微反-色谱装置考察了其催化CO低温氧化的活性. 结果表明,热解温度影响CeO2的物性(形貌、粒度大小及分布等). 相同条件下,不同物性的CeO2载体上CuO的负载情况不同, 500 ℃热解获得的CeO2载体上非晶态CuO负载量最高,相应的CuO/CeO2催化剂活性也较高. 非晶态CuO一部分进入CeO2晶格,另一部分高度分散于CeO2表面上. 焙烧温度较低时(≤ 600 ℃), 催化剂活性受焙烧温度的影响较小,而高温(800 ℃)焙烧后,催化剂则因载体粒度增大和CuO烧结团聚等因素导致催化活性明显降低.     

(Ce0.9Nd0.1)1-xMoxO2-δ (0.00≤x≤0.10)的合成、表征与电性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成(Ce0.9Nd0.1)1-xMoxO2-δ(x=0.00、0.02、0.05、0.10)氧化物, 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)等手段对氧化物进行结构表征, 交流阻抗谱测试电性能. 结果表明: 所有样品均为单一萤石立方结构; 少量MoO3的加入提高了材料的致密性, 降低了材料的总电阻、晶界电阻和晶界电阻在总电阻中所占比例, 提高了材料的电导率. 1200 ℃烧结样品24 h, 测试温度700 ℃时, (Ce0.9Nd0.1)1-xMoxO2-δ(x=0.00)总电导率和晶界电导率分别为0.05和0.19 S·m-1, 掺Mo材料(Ce0.9Nd0.1)1-xMoxO2-δ(x=0.02)的总电导率和晶界电导率分别为2.42 和3.96 S·m-1.     

Zr‐doped CeO2 Hollow slightly‐truncated nano‐octahedrons: One‐pot synthesis,characterization and their application in catalysis of CO oxidation

Zirconium‐doped ceria hollow slightly‐truncated nano‐octahedrons (HTNOs) (Ce_1‐xZr_xO₂) were synthesized by a one‐pot, facile hydrothermal method. The morphology and crystalline structure were characterized with powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The composition and chemical valence on the surface of the as‐prepared Ce_1‐xZr_xO₂ powders were detected by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The surface area and pore size distribution of as‐obtained Zr‐doped ceria HTNOs were measured by N₂ adsorption‐desorption measurement. Mechanisms for the growth of Zr‐doped ceria HTNOs are proposed as both oriented attachment and Ostwald ripening process and the formation of the hollow structure is strongly dependent on the addition of Zr⁴⁺ ions. Furthermore, the as‐obtained Zr‐doped ceria HTNOs revealed superior catalytic activity and thermal stability toward CO oxidation compared to pure ceria. It may provide a new path for the fabrication of inorganic hollow structures on introducing alien metal ions.     

A Highly Reactive and Sinter-Resistant Catalytic System Based on Platinum Nanoparticles Embedded in the Inner Surfaces of CeO(2) Hollow Fibers

Ceria (CeO(2) ) hollow fibers with Pt nanoparticles (Pt?NPs) embedded in their inner surfaces were prepared by sequentially depositing Pt?NPs and CeO(2) sheaths on electrospun fibers of polystyrene, followed by calcination in air at 400?°C. Despite a relatively low Pt loading in this system, the turnover frequency for CO oxidation was 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than those of other systems, and the reactivity was also stable up to 700?°C.     

La2O3对CuO/CeO2水煤气变换反应催化剂微观结构及催化性能的影响（英文）

以La2O3为助剂,采用共沉淀法制备了具有良好催化活性和热稳定性的CuO/CeO2-La2O3水煤气变换反应催化剂,其中,当La2O3含量为2wt%时,催化剂的催化性能最为优异.同时运用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、Raman光谱、程序升温还原等手段,研究了不同含量的La2O3对CuO/CeO2催化剂微观结构及催化性能的影响.结果表明,La2O3助剂进入了载体CeO2的晶格并对CuO/CeO2催化剂的微观结构和催化性能产生了直接影响,适量La2O3的添加可以抑制CuO和CeO2晶格的长大、增强CuO与CeO2间的相互作用、提高催化剂的比表面积、促进CeO2载体中生成更多的氧空位,CuO/CeO2催化剂的催化活性和热稳定性也明显改善.     

磁性纳米固体酸催化剂Zr(SO_4)_2/Fe_3O_4的制备及催化性能研究

本文提出将磁性和固体酸进行组装从而合成磁性纳米固体酸催化剂的思路,首先制备了纳米级磁性前体一磁基体（Ｆｅ３Ｏ４）;然后筛选出超声波法制备了不同配比的磁性纳米固体酸催化剂Ｚｒ（ＳＯ４）２／Ｆｅ３Ｏ４,对其进行了初步表征。并将其作为乙酸丁酯合成反应的催化剂,酯化转化率最高达到８４％,利用其磁性即可将催化剂进行分离。     

Ce1—xM′xCa0.2O1.8—0.4x（M=Y,La和Gd）的水热合成及离子导电性质研究

采用水热法合成了系列双掺杂的萤石结构Ce1-xLnxCa0.2O1.8-0.4x固溶体,并研究了3种稀土离子对固溶体导电性的影响,发现掺杂离子半径接近Ce^4 时,体系电导率增大而活化能降低,同时发现水热合成的Ce1-xLnxCa0.2O1.8-0.4x样品的平均粒度按着掺入离子Y^3 ,Gd^3 ,La^3 的顺序逐渐减小,分别为32,20和15nm,这种变化是由于Y^3 半径比La^3 和G ^3 更接近Ce^4 ,因而在水热合成过程中, 掺Y^3 的体系更有利于晶粒的生长,得到的晶体粒度较大。     

Pt-CeO2/C催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化活性

将CeO2溶胶与Pt/C催化剂机械混合制备了Pt-CeO2/C催化剂,研究了酸性条件下Pt-CeO2/C催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化活性。结果表明,与Pt/C催化剂相比,Pt-CeO2/C催化剂对甲醇展现出更好的催化活性。XRD和TEM测试结果表明,Pt-CeO2/C催化剂中Pt与CeO2的平均粒径均为3~4 nm。对CeO2含量不同的Pt-CeO2/C催化剂在CH3OH-H2SO4中进行循环伏安测试发现,Pt-CeO2/C催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化活性较高,其中Pt与CeO2质量比为1∶1时,催化剂的催化活性最高,对甲醇氧化的峰电流密度达到0.112 A/cm2。     

Investigation of the relationship between the ionic conductivity and the local structures of singly and doubly doped ceria compounds using EXAFS measurement

The oxide ionic conductivity measurements of singly and doubly doped ceria compounds were carried out. Singly and doubly doped ceria used in this study were Ce_0.8Ln_0.2O_1.9 (Ln=Y, Sm, Nd, or La) and Ce_0.8La_0.1Y_0.1O_1.9, respectively. Lattice constants of these compounds were in proportion to the ionic radius of the dopant(s). The doubly doped ceria compound showed oxide ionic conductivity comparative to the average of that of each corresponding singly doped sample. This finding indicates that the conductivity is influenced by both dopants in the doubly doped compounds. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) study showed that the coordination number of oxide ions at the nearest neighbor of cation was related to the ionic conductivity. It was found that the conductivity gave the highest value when oxygen vacancies were randomly distributed in the lattice. This indicates that the local structure seriously affects oxide ionic conduction in singly and doubly doped ceria compounds.     

纳米金属氧化物粉体爆轰合成

对含能前驱体如硝酸盐和控制炸药装药的情况下爆轰反应生成纳米金属氧化物进行了探索研究。采用透射电子显微镜表征了爆轰产物。氧化物爆轰产物中的碳微粒即爆轰灰在某种意义上反映了晶型生长机制。通过爆轰合成技术产生的氧化物肯定了纳米粉体爆轰合成技术的有效性。介绍了纳米氧化铝的制备,测试了氧化铝的微观结构和分布状态。结果表明：通过硝酸盐炸药的爆轰产生了纳米尺度的金属氧化物,球形氧化铝粒径主要分布于20~50 nm之间。该方面研究工作的开展也将促进在细微观尺度上的工业炸药设计和爆轰理论的发展。