La2O3助剂对Co/AC催化剂上费-托合成反应性能的影响

 通过改变稀土助剂La2O3的负载量,考察了La2O3助剂对活性炭负载Co基催化剂(Co/AC)上费-托合成性能的影响,并通过XRD, SEM, TPR和CO-TPD对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, La2O3的加入可提高催化剂的活性,降低产物中甲烷的选择性. 对于15%Co/AC催化剂,加入少量的La2O3(w(La)=0.7%～1.7%)可使CO转化率从27%升高到56%, 甲烷选择性从16.5%下降到7.8%,C5+选择性从55.4%升高到74.7%; 但加入过多的La2O3(w(La)=8.1%～12.4%)时,甲烷选择性反而升高. XRD和SEM结果表明, La2O3的加入提高了催化剂中Co的分散度. TPR和CO-TPD结果表明, La2O3与Co之间存在着相互作用,并使催化剂的还原度下降,尤其是La2O3负载量高的催化剂还原度下降更加明显,导致Co/AC催化剂上CO的高温吸附量的增加.     

聚溴酚蓝修饰玻碳电极的制备及电化学性质

在含溴酚蓝的磷酸缓冲溶液中,应用循环伏安法于经预处理的玻碳电极上形成聚合物薄膜.结果表明,在-1. 0V~+1. 8V(vs.Ag/AgCl)扫描电位之间形成的薄膜具有较高的电活性和稳定性.该电极对抗坏血酸电化学氧化有催化作用,既使抗坏血酸的氧化电位负移了 270mV,又增大了其氧化峰电流.催化峰电流与抗坏血酸浓度在 2. 5~250μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系.     

Solubilization and applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes into aqueous and organic media by the use of nanometer size-controlled fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomeric aggregates

We have studied on the solubilization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SW-CNTs) into aqueous and organic media by the use of a variety of nanometer size-controlled fluorinated self-assemblies, which were formed by the aggregations of end-capped fluoroalkyl segments in fluoroalkyl end-capped acrylic acid oligomers [R_F-(ACA)_n-R_F], N,N-dimethylacrylamide oligomers [R_F-(DMAA)_n-R_F], acryloylmorpholine oligomers [R_F-(ACMO)_n-R_F], and N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)acrylamide oligomers [R_F-(DOBAA)_n-R_F]. Fluorinated self assemblies formed in organic media (colorless solutions) could solubilize SW-CNTs into organic media to afford the transparent pale yellow solutions. The dynamic light scattering measurements showed that the size of fluorinated self-assemblies increased after the solubilization of SW-CNTs into organic media. It was suggested that the solubilization of SW-CNTs into organic media is due to the encapsulation of SW-CNTs into fluorinated assemblies. Fluorinated assemblies were also able to solubilize SW-CNTs into water to give the transparent gray solutions. Among a variety of fluorinated assemblies, fluorinated assemblies formed by R_F-(ACMO)_n-R_F [R_F = CF(CF₃)OC₆F₁₃] oligomer was more effective for the solubilization of SW-CNTs into both aqueous and organic media. Contact angle measurements of dodecane and the fluorescence spectra for poly(methyl methacrylate) cast film modified by fluorinated self-assemblies—SW-CNTs complexes showed that SW-CNTs are dispersed above the PMMA surface.     

Electroreduction of α-glucose on CNT/graphite electrode modified by Zn and Zn–Fe alloy

Electroreduction of -glucose to form sorbitol on Zn/CNTs and Zn alloy/CNTs electrodes has been investigated in this paper. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) used in this paper are grown directly on graphite disks by chemical vapor deposition. Zn and Zn alloy are electrodeposited on the activated CNTs/graphite electrode by pulse galvanostatic method. The micrographs of Zn/CNTs and Zn alloy/CNTs electrodes are characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the current efficiency of -glucose reduction on CNTs electrodes is much better than that on flat Zn electrodes. The order of the current efficiency on different electrodes is as follows: Zn/CNT (0.58) Zn–Fe/CNT (0.57)>Zn–Ni/CNT (0.43) Zn/graphite (0.42)>Zn (0.40). It indicates that CNTs have good potential application in electrosynthesis. Additionally, effects of some operating parameters, such as pH, temperature and -glucose concentration, on the current efficiency of -glucose reduction are also discussed.     

Promotion of Ionic Liquid to Dimethyl Carbonate Synthesis from Methanol and Carbcn Dioxide

Promotion of ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (emimBr), to the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from methanol and carbon dioxide in the presence of potassium carbonate and less amount of methyl iodide under mild conditions was investigated. The results showed that the high selectivity and raised yield of DMC was achieved due to the addition of emimBr in the reaction system. And effect of several reaction conditions such as temperature, pressure and amount of emimBr was discussed.     

Controlled fed-batch fermentations of dilute-acid hydrolysate in pilot development unit scale

Inhibitors formed during wood hydrolysis constitute a major problem in fermenting dilute-acid hydrolysates. By applying a fed-batch technique, the levels of inhibitory compounds may be held low, enabling high ethanol productivity. In this study, a previously developed fed-batch strategy was modified and implemented for use in pilot development unit (PDU) scale. The rate of total gas formation, measured with a mass flow meter, was used as input variable in the control algorithm. The feed rate in the PDU-scale experiments could be properly controlled based on the gas evolution from the reactor. In fed-batch experiments utilizing TMB 3000, an inhibitor-tolerant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, close to 100% of the hexoses in the hydrolysate was converted.     

新型活性炭材料在双电层电容器中的应用研究

以椰壳为原料,利用特定的物理 化学方法在一定条件下制得双电层电容器活性炭电极材料.实验表明,该活性炭经压制成型后制作的双电层电容器,具有大的比电容,文中同时研究了酸处理、二次活化以及电极冷压成型方法对电极性能的影响.     

Biomolecule-functionalized carbon nanotubes: applications in nanobioelectronics.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) revealing metallic or semiconductive properties depending on the folding modes of the nanotube walls represent a novel class of nanowires. Different methods to separate semiconductive CNTs from conductive CNTs have been developed, and synthetic strategies to chemically modify the side walls or tube ends by molecular or biomolecular components have been reported. Tailoring hybrid systems consisting of CNTs and biomolecules (proteins and DNA) has rapidly expanded and attracted substantial research effort. The integration of biomaterials with CNTs enables the use of the hybrid systems as active field-effect transistors or biosensor devices (enzyme electrodes, immunosensors, or DNA sensors). Also, the integration of CNTs with biomolecules has allowed the generation of complex nanostructures and nanocircuitry of controlled properties and functions. The rapid progress in this interdisciplinary field of CNT-based nanobioelectronics and nanobiotechnology is reviewed by summarizing the present scientific accomplishments, and addressing the future goals and perspectives of the area.