Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Fe-Doped TiO2 Film on Different Substrates and Its Application in Degrading Dyeing Water

TiO₂ and Fe-doped TiO₂ thin films were prepared on the substrates (glass plates and glass microballs) after dipped in colloid and calcined at 500°C. The films have been characterized by UV-absorption, x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The investigated Fe-doped TiO₂ (A nominal 10 wt% Fe₂O₃ was impregnated) thin films were obtained by sol-gel method. The characterization results suggest that the calcined thin films primarily consist of TiO₂ anatase. And the light absorption curve of the TiO₂ films modified with Fe showed that red shift had happened by the dope of Fe. TiO₂/beads as photocatalyst were used to degrade the simulated dyeing water which contains reactive deep-blue dye (K-R). Through the degradation experiment, we found that the dope of Fe promoted the photocatalytic activities. The results showed that the dyeing water can be decomposed more effectively by the photocatalytic oxidation of Fe/TiO₂ film on glass micro-balls than glass plates.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4金属掺杂的第一性原理研究

近来尖晶石相LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4被认为是一种有前景的二次锂离子电池正极材料.但是其相对较差的循环性能和倍率性能限制了LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的大规模应用.金属掺杂被认为是一种提高其电化学性能的有效方法.然而,还急需深层次地理解掺杂对材料结构和电化学性质的影响.采用第一性原理方法,系统地研究了金属掺杂的LiM0.125Ni0.375Mn1.5O4(M为Cr,Fe和Co)电极体系的结构与电子性质.计算结果显示,少量的过渡金属M取代LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4晶格中的Ni,能够有效抑制材料在电化学脱嵌锂过程中的体积变化(从锂化相到脱锂相,体积变化率约为4%,而未掺杂的情况为4.7%),提高材料循环性能.体系态密度表明金属掺杂能够减小体系的带隙,进而提高材料的电子传导.另外,通过Li离子的扩散计算,我们发现与未掺杂的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4相比,Co掺杂使得Li在材料中两条不同扩散路径的扩散能垒分别降低了约90 meV和140 meV,表明Co掺杂有利于Li在材料中的快速扩散.     

Anodic stripping voltammetry of antimony at unmodified carbon electrodes

Antimony is an element of significant environmental concern, yet has been neglected relative to other heavy metals in electroanalysis. As such very little research has been reported on the electroanalytical determination of antimony at unmodified carbon electrodes. In this paper we report the electrochemical determination of Sb(III) in HCl solutions using unmodified carbon substrates, with focus on non-classical carbon materials namely edge plane pyrolytic graphite (EPPG), boron doped diamond (BDD) and screen-printed electrodes (SPE). Using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry, EPPG was found to give a considerably greater response towards antimony than other unmodified carbon electrodes, allowing highly linear ranges in nanomolar concentrations and a detection limit of 3.9?nM in 0.25?M HCl. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the response from EPPG was 100 times greater than for glassy carbon (GC). Unmodified GC gave a comparable response to previous results using the bare substrate, and BDD gave an improved, yet still very high limit of detection of 320?nM compared to previous analysis using an iridium oxide modified BDD electrode. SPEs gave a very poor response to antimony, even at high concentrations, observing no linearity from standard additions, as well as a major interference from the ink intrinsic to the working electrode carbon material. Owing to its superior performance relative to other carbon electrodes, the EPPG electrode was subjected to further analytical testing with antimony. The response of the electrode for a 40?nM concentration of Sb(III) was reproducible with a mean peak current of 1.07?µA and variation of 8.4% (n?=?8). The effect of metals copper, bismuth and arsenic were investigated at the electrode, as they are common interferences for stripping analysis of antimony.     

Li+掺杂对Y2SiO5:Pr3+上转换发光性能影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Li+掺杂改性的Y2SiO5:Pr3+上转换发光材料,考察了Li+掺杂对样品晶型及发光性能的影响。采用XRD,DSC-TGA,FS对所制备的材料进行表征,结果表明Li+掺入浓度在7%～8%(摩尔分数)之间会引起Y2SiO5晶体类型由X1型转变为X2型,且Li+掺入后样品转晶型温度由950℃降至800℃;样品经800℃煅烧处理后以X1型Y2SiO5为主相,850℃煅烧处理后以X2型Y2SiO5为主相;Li+掺入同时会提高Y2SiO5:Pr3+材料的上转换发光强度,Li+最佳掺杂浓度为10%,对于双掺杂Pr3+,Li+:Y2SiO5体系中Pr3+最佳掺杂浓度为1.2%。     

Significant nonlinear‐optical switching capacity in atomic clusters built from silicon and lithium: A combined ab initio and density functional study

Starting from a hypothetical but fundamental charge/discharge sequence, the topic of nonlinear optical switching in atomic clusters built from silicon and alkali metals is opened up. The outcomes presented in this work, obtained with ab initio methods of exceptional predictive capabilities, offer strong evidences that sizable hyperpolarizability contrasts between neutral and charged alkali metal doped cluster forms might be simultaneously accomplished. The observed switching procedure involves redox polyatomic clusters formed by Si atoms. These centers function as electron acceptors at the ground state and as electron donors at the excited states facilitating low energy charge transfer transitions upon electronic excitation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

水热法制备富锂型Li_(2+4x)Mn_(0.6+2x)Ni_(0.6-6x)Cr_(0.8)O_4及其结构与电化学特性

采用水热法制备了系列富锂尖晶石型正极材料Li2+4xMn0.6+2xNi0.6-6xCr0.8O4(x=1/30,1/20,1/15,1/12),通过X射线衍射(XRD)、电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱、循环伏安(CV)和充放电测试等手段对其结构及电化学性能进行表征.结果表明,所制备的系列材料为富锂型高电压尖晶石结构正极材料,该系列样品在4.7 V左右有放电平台.x=1/15和x=1/12时,样品中的Cr为+3价,没有观测到Cr6+.随着x值的增大,样品中Li离子与过渡金属离子的混排减小,样品的充放电比容量逐渐增大,且2.7 V处的放电平台容量也增加.当x=1/12时,样品具有较好的充放电比容量和倍率特性,首次放电比容量为107.3 mA·h/g,20次循环后容量保持率为84.9%.     

Ru掺杂对Fe催化剂上酚类化合物加氢脱氧影响的密度泛函理论研究北大核心CSCD

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算研究了苯酚、邻甲酚、愈创木酚在不同结构Ru-Fe(211)表面上吸附活化性能和加氢脱氧反应路径.结果表明,Ru掺杂能促进H2分子在Fe(211)表面上解离,提高加氢脱氧反应速率.酚类在1Ru_(ads)-Fe(211)表面上吸附比在1Ru_(sub)-Fe(211)表面上更稳定,苯酚和邻甲酚脱羟基步骤能垒分别降低0.13和0.28 eV,有利于生成芳烃.愈创木酚在1Ru_(sub)-Fe(211)表面上加氢脱氧优势路径是先脱甲氧基生成苯酚,苯酚再加氢脱氧生成产物苯(速控步骤能垒1.16 eV);而在1Ru_(ads)-Fe(211)表面上愈创木酚先脱羟基再脱甲基生成苯酚的路径更具有动力学优势(速控步骤能垒1.21 eV).计算结果表明Ru掺杂方式影响Fe催化剂对酚反应分子的吸附稳定性以及加氢脱氧反应路径和性能.与1Ru掺杂Fe(211)催化剂相比,增加Ru原子数形成4Ru_(ads)-Fe(211),能够进一步提高酚类反应物的吸附强度,但导致加氢脱氧反应能垒升高.因此,在Fe催化剂上以表面吸附的形式掺杂少量贵金属Ru更利于酚类加氢脱氧生成芳烃.     

Fast Li-Ion Conduction in Spinel-Structured Solids

Spinel-structured solids were studied to understand if fast Li⁺ ion conduction can be achieved with Li occupying multiple crystallographic sites of the structure to form a “Li-stuffed” spinel, and if the concept is applicable to prepare a high mixed electronic-ionic conductive, electrochemically active solid solution of the Li⁺ stuffed spinel with spinel-structured Li-ion battery electrodes. This could enable a single-phase fully solid electrode eliminating multi-phase interface incompatibility and impedance commonly observed in multi-phase solid electrolyte–cathode composites. Materials of composition Li_1.25M(III)_0.25TiO₄, M(III) = Cr or Al were prepared through solid-state methods. The room-temperature bulk Li⁺-ion conductivity is 1.63 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ for the composition Li_1.25Cr_0.25Ti_1.5O₄. Addition of Li₃BO₃ (LBO) increases ionic and electronic conductivity reaching a bulk Li⁺ ion conductivity averaging 6.8 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹, a total Li-ion conductivity averaging 4.2 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹, and electronic conductivity averaging 3.8 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ for the composition Li_1.25Cr_0.25Ti_1.5O₄ with 1 wt. % LBO. An electrochemically active solid solution of Li_1.25Cr_0.25Mn_1.5O₄ and LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ was prepared. This work proves that Li-stuffed spinels can achieve fast Li-ion conduction and that the concept is potentially useful to enable a single-phase fully solid electrode without interphase impedance.     

Ultrasonic-assisted degradation of phenazopyridine with a combination of Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles and inorganic oxidants

Pure and samarium doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by a sonochemical method and characterized by TEM, SEM, EDX, XRD, Pl, and DRS techniques. The average crystallite size of pure and Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles was about 20 nm. The sonocatalytic activity of pure and Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles was considered toward degradation of phenazopyridine as a model organic contaminant. The Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles with Sm concentration of 0.4 mol% indicated a higher sonocatalytic activity (59%) than the pure ZnO (51%) and other Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles. It was believed that Sm³⁺ ion with optimal concentration (0.4 mol%) can act as superficial trapping for electrons in the conduction band of ZnO and delayed the recombination of charge carriers. The influence of the nature and concentration of various oxidants, including periodate, hydrogen peroxide, peroxymonosulfate, and peroxydisulfate on the sonocatalytic activity of Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles was studied. The influence of the oxidants concentration (0.2–1.4 g L⁻¹) on the degradation rate was established by the 3D response surface and the 2D contour plots. The results demonstrated that the utilizing of oxidants in combination with Sm-doped ZnO resulting in rapid removal of contaminant, which can be referable to a dual role of oxidants; (i) scavenging the generated electrons in the conduction band of ZnO and (ii) creating highly reactive radical species under ultrasonic irradiation. It was found that the Sm-doped ZnO and periodate combination is the most efficient catalytic system under ultrasonic irradiation.