Novel Polymer Electrolyte Membrane,Based on Pyridine Containing Poly(ether sulfone), for Application in High‐Temperature Fuel Cells

Summary: Novel poly(aryl ether sulfone) copolymers containing 2,5‐biphenylpyridine and tetramethyl biphenyl moieties were synthesized by polycondensation of 4‐fluorophenyl sulfone with 2,5‐(4′,4″ dihydroxy biphenyl)pyridine and tetramethyl biphenyl diol. Copolymers with different molecular weights and different monomer compositions were obtained. These copolymers exhibit excellent film‐forming properties, mechanical integrity, and high modulus up to 250 °C, high glass transition temperatures (above 280 °C) as well as high thermal stability up to 400 °C. In addition to the above properties required for PEMFC application, this novel material shows high oxidative stability and acid doping ability, enabling proton conductivity in the range of 10⁻² S · cm⁻¹ above 130 °C.

Synthesis of copolymers with high acid uptake and ionic conductivity.     

PEO-LiClO4-ZSM5复合聚合物电解质Ⅱ.ZSM-5对离子电导率的影响

通过XRD,DSC,FT-IR和SEM等方法对PEO-LiClO₄-ZSM5复合电解质进行了研究,结果表明ZSM-5可以有效地降低PEO-LiClO₄-ZSM5复合电解质中PEO的结晶度和玻璃化温度,从而提高其低温区域的离子电导率.温度高于PEO的结晶熔融温度后,复合电解质离子电导率的提高则是由于在ZSM-5表面形成了有利于Li离子迁移的导电通道所引起的.较高的离子电导率和较宽的电化学稳定窗口表明PEO-LiClO₄-ZSM5复合电解质在全固态锂离子二次电池领域具有良好的应用前景.     

离子液体增塑的聚合物电解质

离子液体增塑的聚合物电解质;偏氟乙烯六氟丙烯共聚物;乙基甲基咪唑鎓四氟硼酸盐;微波合成;电学行为     

检测CO_2的脉冲电势调制库仑技术

应用脉冲电势调制技术,通过控制电极电势可将CO2还原为以吸附COads为主的中间物;之后再将电极电势阶跃到该物种能发生电化学氧化的电势,测量它的暂态氧化电流,得到积分电量Q随被测CO2浓度C的变化关系.对给定的还原时间,在CO2浓度为0.015%～20%的范围内,氧化电量Q与CO2浓度C有确定的对应关系.其中,当还原时间较短及CO2浓度较低情况下,两者有近似线性关系.这是一种可在较宽浓度范围内测定CO2的简便有效方法.     

钼磷酸铵及钼磷酸掺杂的聚合物电解质

以聚氧乙烯(PEO)为基质,掺杂适量的钼磷酸铵或钼磷酸,制备出PEO-(NH₄)₃PMo12O₄₀及PEO-H₃PMo12O₄₀质子导电聚合物电解质膜,测定了其电导率.讨论了加入(NH₄)₃PMo12O₄₀及H₃PMo12O₄₀对PEO构型及Keggin阴离子的影响,分析了PEO-(NH₄)₃PMo12O₄₀及PEO-H₃PMo12O₄₀复合膜质子电导提高的原因.其中PEO-(NH₄)₃PMo12O₄₀质子导电聚合物电解质复合膜的室温电导率最高可达1.4×10_-3S/cm.     

Investigation of the anodic decomposition of the solid electrolyte RbCu4Cl3I2

The process of electrochemical decomposition of the solid electrolyte RbCu₄Cl₃I₂ at a vitreous carbon electrode has been investigated. The anodic decomposition of the electrolyte occurs in two steps. At first, the oxidizing electrode reaction of Cu⁺ ions to Cu²⁺ ions takes place at potentials higher than 0.57 V and a layer of decomposition products is formed on the electrode surface, including the divalent copper compound RbCuCl₃. Then the oxidizing reaction of I^– ions occurs at potentials higher than approximately 0.67 V, with deposition of an iodine layer onto the electrode surface. The deposition rate of the layers of decomposition products is controlled by instantaneous nucleation and two-dimensional growth of the deposit. The total thickness of the passivating layer of decomposition products on the anode is equal to ca. 1 μm. Electronic Publication     

Methods to study the ionic conductivity of polymeric electrolytes using a.c. impedance spectroscopy

Composite polymeric electrolytes of PEO-LiClO₄-Al₂O₃ and PEO-LiClO₄-EC were prepared and the ionic conductivity by a.c. impedance was calculated using four different methods, and three kinds of representations of a.c. impedance spectra were adopted. The first is based on the Nyquist impedance plot of the imaginary part (Z″) versus the real part (Z′) of the complex impedance. The second and the third correspond to the plots of imaginary impedance Z″ as a function of frequency (f), and the absolute value (|Z|) and phase angle (θ) as a function of f, respectively. It was found that the values of the ionic conductivity calculated using the three representations of a.c. impedance spectra are basically identical. Electronic Publication     

聚偏氟乙烯凝胶电解质组成间相互作用及其凝胶化研究

通过冷却聚偏氟乙烯 (PVDF) 丙烯碳酸酯 (PC)或PVDF PC LiClO4的溶液 ,制备了数个聚合物凝胶 .实验表明 ,聚合物凝胶的凝胶化时间 (tgel)与凝胶温度、聚合物浓度有关 ,且强烈地依赖于体系中盐的浓度 ,因为盐会缩短体系的tgel.凝胶体系中LiClO4的存在提高了其凝胶熔融温度 (Tgm) ,LiClO4的含量越大 ,相应凝胶的Tgm 越高 .用DSC和落球法所测凝胶的Tgm 有较大的差别 .这说明凝胶中可能存在热稳定性好和热稳定性相对较差的两种不同结构部分 .FT IR的研究结果表明 ,凝胶电解质的各组成 (LiClO4,PC和PVDF)间存在较强的相互作用 .对含盐和不含盐的两类凝胶体系的对比研究表明 ,两者不同的凝胶化现象和Tgm 归因于盐与聚合物或溶剂间的络合作用     

碱性固体燃料电池碱性聚合物电解质膜的最新研究进展

最近,碱性聚合物电解质膜燃料电池（APEMFC）因具有电极反应动力学快以及不依赖于贵金属铂催化剂等诸多优点而成为一个热门话题. 作为其中一个关键部件,碱性聚合物电解质膜直接影响燃料电池的性能和成本.然而,迄今为止,仍然没有令人满意的碱性电解质膜材料. 为此,大量研究被开展和报道. 本文综述了近三年内文献中关于燃料电池碱性聚合物电解质膜的最新研究进展：包括各种各样的合成策略,构效关系,水管理以及非原位或原位稳定性测试等等. 尤其是一些新的金属离子基阴离子交换膜和冠醚基阴离子交换膜首次被提及和评论.此外,还进一步预测了将来的发展趋势.     

Thermodynamic Properties of NaCl Solutions at Subzero Temperatures

Heat capacities at infinite dilution of NaCl (aq) for the temperature range 0 to –25°C and apparent molar volumes at infinite dilution for 0 to –15°C have been estimated from a synthesis of experimental data collected at subzero temperatures. The parameters of the Helgeson–Kirkham–Flowers (HKF) equation for Na⁺ (aq) have been obtained, from which the Gibbs energies of Na⁺ and Cl^– have been calculated. The estimated values of Pitzer-equation parameters for thermal and activity-coefficient properties have been adjusted for subzero temperatures. The experimental phase diagram for the NaCl–H₂O system could be reproduced with these data, demonstrating the low-temperature applicability of the HKF model to extrapolate thermodynamic properties of aqueous-solution species at infinite dilution.