集装箱货运站选址的模糊聚类模型与算法

论分析了集装箱运输的过程，提出集装箱运输是建立在与集装箱箱型相适应的，且具有相同作业能力的一定数量的集装箱货运站基础上的规模运输的发展思想；利用模糊聚类分析方法，研究了集装箱货运站选址的模糊聚类模型与算法；选择全国236个地级及以上城市，探讨了集装箱货运站建设的可能等级、数量和地址。     

An integrated simulation-optimization framework for the operational planning of seaport container terminals

In this article the operational planning of seaport container terminals is considered by defining a suitable integrated framework in which simulation and optimization interact. The proposed tool is a simulation environment (implemented by using the Arena software) representing the dynamics of a container terminal. When the system faces some particular conditions (critical events), an optimization procedure integrated in the simulation tool is called. This means that the simulation is paused, an optimization problem is solved and the relative solution is an input for the simulation environment where some system parameters are modified (generally, the handling rates of some resources are changed). For this reason, in the present article we consider two modelling and planning levels about container terminals. The simulation framework, based on an appropriate discrete-event model, represents the dynamic behaviour of the terminal, thus it needs to be quite detailed and it is used as an operational planning tool. On the other hand, the optimization approach is devised in order to define some system parameters such as the resource handling rates; in this sense, it can be considered as a tool for tactical planning. The optimization procedure is based on an aggregate representation of the terminal where the dynamics is modelled by means of discrete-time equations.     

Nonlinear interfacial waves in a circular cylindrical container subjected to a vertical excitation

Singular perturbation theory of two-time scale expansions was developed in inviscid fluids to investigate the motion of single interface standing wave in a two-layer liquid-filled circular cylindrical vessel, which is subjected to a vertical periodical oscillation. It is assumed that the fluid in the circular cylindrical vessel is inviscid, incompressible and the motion is irrotational, a nonlinear amplitude equation including cubic nonlinear and vertically forced terms, was derived by the method of expansion of two-time scales without taking the influence of surface tension into account. By numerical computation, it is shown that different patterns of interface standing wave can be excited for different driving frequency and amplitude. We found that the interface wave mode become more and more complex as increasing of upper to lower layer density ratio γ$\gamma$. The traits of the standing interface wave were proved theoretically. In addition, the dispersion relation and nonlinear amplitude equation obtained in this article can reduce to the known results for a single fluid when γ=0,_h2→_h1$\gamma =0,h_2\to h_1$.     

基于改进模拟植物生长算法的集装箱码头插船调度优化

为解决临时接受计划外船舶到港作业的插船调度问题,建立了综合考虑港口安排插船作业的成本最小优化模型,将模拟植物生长算法(PGSA)改进后进行求解。经过对实际案例进行计算分析后表明,所建模型和算法可以有效解决上述问题并取得了较好结果。为验证算法的有效性,同时引入遗传算法进行计算对比,结果显示经改进的PGSA在求解过程中具有较好的收敛速度与精确度。采用本文建立的模型和算法能够快速解决临时插船的调度调整问题,为集装箱码头在特殊情况下泊位调度优化提供了解决问题的思路和方法。     

集装箱码头泊位计划的鲁棒优化模型

针对集装箱码头作业中的不确定性因素,构建泊位计划的鲁棒优化模型与算法,目的是降低不确定性因素对集装箱码头作业系统的影响。首先,提出泊位计划鲁棒性度量指标,利用算例对各指标的效果进行分析。在此基础上,设计泊位计划鲁棒优化的两阶段优化算法。算法的第一阶段不考虑泊位计划的鲁棒性,以船舶总延误时间最小为目标;算法的第二阶段以所选择的鲁棒性指标最大为目标,以第一阶段获得的船舶总延误时间为约束条件,获得鲁棒调度方案。最后,研究作业资源(装卸桥数量)的变化对泊位计划鲁棒性的影响。算例分析表明,权重松弛量是有效的度量泊位计划鲁棒性的指标,两阶段算法可以有效解决泊位计划鲁棒优化问题。     

A caving degree approach for the single container loading problem

Inspired by an old adage “Gold corner, silver side and strawy void”, and improved by a new observation “Maximum value in diamond cave”, a new heuristic approach is proposed for solving the three-dimensional single container loading problem. Differing from several previous approaches, its key issue is to pack the outside item into a corner or even a cave in the container such that the item is as compactly and closely as possible with other packed items. Experiments are on two groups of public and difficult benchmarks. For the 47 without-orientation-constraint instances from the OR-Library, experiments indicate an average packing utilization of 94.9%, which improves current best result reported in the literature by 3.9%. For the 800 strongly heterogeneous instances among 1500 representative benchmarks proposed by Bischoff et al., (100 instances in a set), experiments show an average packing utilization of 87.97%, which improves current best record reported in the literature by 0.28%. Besides, new best records are achieved on the latter five sets among the eight sets of strongly heterogeneous benchmarks.     

考虑运营稳定性的内支线班轮航线网络规划模型

货主选择承运航线的影响因素,既包括挂靠港口的计划到港时间与单箱运价,还包括反映班轮运营稳定性的甩箱率与准班率。对此,文章将挂靠港口的航行与在港时间不确定引入研究,并对挂靠港口间的不确定性建立联系,基于航次仿真来计算各挂靠港的到港时间分布、船舶的航次最大载箱量分布。以班轮航线的甩箱率与准班率限制、内支线最大船型与最长往返时间为约束,在优化内支线航线网络结构的同时,计算航线适配船型、班期密度及挂靠港计划到港时间。针对所构建的带不确定参数的NP难问题,文章设计了基于模拟仿真的智能优化算法,通过方案仿真技术来处理输入模型的众分布函数,借助智能优化原理从大范围解空间内寻找满意方案。文末对船舶航次仿真与网络规划模型的有效性进行了验证,算例分析表明:内支线班轮航线网络的货主选择比例达64%,且不论货主更偏好运输时间或价格,航线方案皆能贴近货主偏好。     

兼顾成本与时间保证率的泊位及岸桥协同调度优化

针对集装箱班轮根据船期表按计划到离港的运行规律以及港口企业追求低运营成本的需求,本文以集装箱班轮按计划离港保证率最大和码头作业成本最低为目标,构建了泊位及岸桥协同调度多目标优化模型;设计了叠加式局部搜索算法,将其嵌入到带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法中,经过相互交叉反馈运算,得到Pareto非劣解;采用“性价比”的概念和量化方法,选择出对港口和船公司的利益偏向最小的实施方案,解决了在Pareto解集中寻优的问题。最后,以大连港集装箱码头的生产实际为例,验证了上述优化模型及算法的合理性和有效性。     

集卡作业面模式下装船作业场桥与集卡联合调度优化

为进一步减少集装箱船舶靠泊时间, 在岸桥多线作业工况条件下, 重点考虑了场桥与集卡的同步作业, 对场桥与集卡进行联合调度. 在此基础上, 综合考虑场桥间安全距离、任务优先顺序等实际约束, 针对集卡作业面模式, 构建了以装船作业时间最短为目标的场桥与集卡联合调度优化模型, 并开发了带染色体更新操作的改进遗传算法确定场桥作业量, 利用路径优化确定场桥最短行驶路径, 基于先到先服务规则对集卡进行动态调度. 实证分析结果证明了所提出模型与算法的有效性, 并且在集卡数量较少时, 采用集卡作业面模式有助于缩短集装箱装船时间.     

Recent Advances in the Applications of Water-soluble Resorcinarene-based Deep Cavitands

We review here the use of container molecules known as cavitands for performing organic reactions in water. Central to these endeavors are binding forces found in water, and among the strongest of these is the hydrophobic effect. We describe how the hydrophobic effect can be used to drive organic molecule guests into the confined space of cavitand hosts. Other forces participating in guest binding include cation−π interactions, chalcogen bonding and even hydrogen bonding to water involved in the host structure. The reactions of guests take advantage of their contortions in the limited space of the cavitands which enhance macrocyclic and site-selective processes. The cavitands are applied to the removal of organic pollutants from water and to the separation of isomeric guests. Progress is described on maneuvering the containers from stoichiometric participation to roles as catalysts.