CH bond activation in the presence or absence of oxygen or nitrous oxide

The reaction of C₂H₆with lattice oxygen, O^2- (in the absence of gaseous oxygen), or “adsorbedℍ oxygen (in the presence of gaseous oxygen) over NiMoO₄ catalysts has been performed and compared to C₃H₈ activation. The results obtained indicate that adsorbed oxygen exhibits a higher reactivity to C₂H₆, while lattice oxygen is more reactive relative to C₃H₈. Kinetic studies of these two reactions in presence of molecular oxygen have indeed shown that the ethane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) is dependent on the oxygen partial pressure, whilst on the contrary propane ODH is not. In order to confirm the presence of “adsorbed” oxygen for ethane activation, ODH tests have been performed with N₂O. On increasing temperature, the O^- adsorbed species enhances the mild oxidation of ethane. The activation energy of ethane consumption E_C2H6, relative to propane (E_C3H8 = 133 kJ/mol) is 145 kJ/mol. A possible mechanism is proposed for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

半化学法制备Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3陶瓷粉体的反应机理

铅系弛豫铁电陶瓷钨铁酸铅Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3(PFW)是一种重要的介电材料,具有较大的介电常数(8000)和较低的烧结温度(小于900℃),适用于制备低烧高介的多层陶瓷电容器犤1～4犦。在传统氧化物法合成PFW的过程中,易生成恶化介电性能的钨酸铅(PbWO4或Pb2WO5)或焦绿石相(Pb2FeWO6)等其他相犤3,4犦。尽管通过加入过量5%的Fe2O3可以消除这些其他相,但因含较多的变价铁离子(Fe3+和Fe2+)而产生介电老化的缺点犤5犦。虽然二次合成法被广泛用于制备铅系弛豫铁电陶瓷犤6犦,但对制备PFW陶瓷的效果并不明显,仍有少量的钨酸铅PbWO4存在,并且预烧…     

Effect of the Structure of the Acyl Group on the Kinetics of Exchange between O-Nucleophiles

We have studied the rate of 15 reactions of acyl transfer from O-acyl salts of 4-dimethylaminostyryl-4-pyridine N-oxide to 4-morpholinopyridine and 4-dimethylaminopyridine N-oxides in acetonitrile solutions. Analysis of the results based on the Shaik – Pross approach and the Marcus equation shows that if the structure of the acyl group is varied, then the reactivity is determined by such parameters as the resonance interaction in the transition state (B) or the internal barrier (G ₀) of the reaction.     

Aktivierung von CO2 an Übergangsmetallzentren: Zum Ablauf der CO2-Reduktion an Nickel(0)-Fragmenten

Activation of CO₂ at Transition Metal Centres: The Route of the CO₂ Reduction at Nikel(0) Moieties A competing reaction in the catalytic cyclooligomerization of hex-3-yne and CO₂ at the (TMED)Ni(0)-fragment (TMED = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylendiamine) is the formation of carbon monoxide and (TMED)Ni(CO₃). So it is possible to explain the generation of II (TMED)Ni(diethylmalicacidanhydride) and III (a nickel trimer with two (TMED)Ni(CO₃) units). Both complexes are characterized by X-ray analysis. The reduction of CO₂ to CO most likely proceeds via an intermediate in which two molecules of carbon dioxide are coupled head-to-tail to form a metallacycle. An ab initio scf geometry optimization supports the existence of such an intermediate.     

有机质谱学法研究气相S_N2离子－分子反应进展

总结了近年来应用质谱方法研究气相SN2离子－分子反应的进展，主要包括气 相SN2离子－分子反应的机理，动力学和热力学的各种因素。与凝固相中反应对比 ，阐明了影响反应机理、方向与程度的决定性因素，及溶剂化效应对凝聚相中反应 的影响方式。还介绍了一些气相中特有的SN2离子－分子反应和研究气相反应特殊 的质谱学研究方法与技术。     

N-TiO2/ZnO复合纳米管阵列的掺杂机理及其光催化活性

以ZnO纳米柱阵列为模板, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出TiO2/ZnO和N掺杂TiO2/ZnO的复合纳米管阵列. 扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis)的结果表明: 两种阵列的纳米管均为六角形结构, 直径约为100 nm, 壁厚约为20 nm; 在N-TiO2/ZnO复合纳米管阵列中, 掺入的N离子主要是以N-Ox、N-C和N-N的形式化学吸附在纳米管表面, 仅有少量的N离子以取代式掺杂的方式占据TiO2晶格O的位置; 表面N物种形成的表面态能级和取代式掺杂导致带隙的窄化, 增强了纳米管阵列的光吸收效率, 促进了光生载流子的分离. 光催化实验结果表明, N离子的掺杂有利于N-TiO2/ZnO复合纳米管阵列光催化活性的提高.     

The Substituent Effects of tert-Butyl Radical Addition to 2-Substituted Allyl Chlorides

The relative rates for the addition reactions of tert-butyl radical to 2-substituted ally chlorides I have een determined. The correlation of log k/k₀, vs. σ_m gives a ρ mvalue of 3.59 with correlation coefficient of 0.930. When the substituent CH₂Cl is excluded, correlation coefficient raises to 0.990 and ρ value becomes 3.39. The large p value and the deviation of relative rate of substituent CH₂C1 are discussed.     

Effect of Addition of Base on Ceria and Reactivity of CuO/CeO2 Catalysts for Low-Temperature CO Oxidation

In this work, we have reported the influence of the addition of base (KOH) on the physicochemical property of ceria synthesized by alcohothermal process, and the alcohothermal mechanism was also put forward. Furthermore, the prepared CeO2 was used as the support to prepare CuO/CeO2 catalysts via the wet impregnation method. The samples were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and temperature-programmed reduction by H2 (H2-TPR). The catalytic properties of the CuO/CeO2 catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation were studied using a microreactor-GC system. The crystal size of CeO2-A was much smaller than that of CeO2-B, and the corresponding copper oxide catalysts exhibited higher catalytic activity than that of the CeO2-B-supported catalysts under the same reaction conditions. The alcohothermal mechanism indicated that KOH plays a key role in determining the physicochemical and catalytic properties of ceria-based materials.     

煤自燃初期的反应机理研究

从实验得到的可能引起煤自燃的8个活性基团入手，提出了一系列简单煤分子模型，利用密度泛函DFT/6-31G对其完成了几何优化，计算了包括反应焓变、吉布斯自由能和活化能等，从热力学和动力学角度分析了计算结果。基于理论计算获得了煤活性基团的活泼性次序，得出了煤自燃初期的反应机理主要是氧分子先进攻煤分子中的活性基团，产生活泼性很高的中间体，然后中间体进一步反应得到水或二氧化碳及其他反应产物，计算结果与实验基本符合。     

全氟烷基磺酸酯C-O键断裂的同面SN2反应

用密度泛函理论研究了CF3SO3CF2CF3 F^-的碳氧键断裂反应的机理。首先，用DFT方法优化了反应物、中间体、过渡态、产物的平衡构型，分析了碳氧键断裂反应的势能面变化，发现在SN2反应机理中，除了S-O断裂SN2反应外，引起C-O键断裂的同面进攻也是一个可能的反应途径。理论计算表明，最终反应的产物是受热力学控制的，S-O键的断裂绝对地优于C-O的断裂。因此，C-O断裂的同面机理虽然是可能的，但却难以被实验观察到，本文还讨论了端基-CF3在同面SN2反应中的邻位效应，以及基组对这个效应的影响。