碱化法制备聚合氯化铁絮凝剂的稳定性和形态分布研究

采用碱化法制备高浓度聚合氯化铁工艺得到了不同碱化剂和稳定剂的不同加入时间对形态分布的影响，以及碱化剂加入速度和碱化度对稳定性的影响，研究结果表明：作为碱化剂，NaHCO3优于NaOH；先加入稳定剂的制备方法对提高PFC的稳定性及混凝特性有利；在碱化度B=0．4时制备的PFC稳定性最差。     

一组新型络合物晶体结构与光学性能的研究

研究了二氯三烯丙基硫脲合镉(ATCC),二氯三烯丙基硫脲合汞(ATMC)和二溴三烯丙基硫脲合镉(ATCB)三种晶体的结构特点.首次报道了ATMC和ATCB晶体的非线性光学系数及倍频性能;文中分析比较了三种晶体的非线性光学性能;讨论了晶体结构与性能的关系,为探索高效非线性光学新材料提供依据.     

3，5－二溴－4－氨基苯基荧光酮的离解及与钼显色反应的研究

用分光光度法研究了２，３，７－三羟基－９－（３，５－二溴－４－氨基）苯基荧光酮的离解平衡和离解常数；以其为显色剂，进行了钼（ＶＩ）的分光光度法研究，在０．２～０．８ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ＨＣｌ溶液中，ＣＴＭＡＢ存在下，显色剂与Ｍｏ（ＶＩ）生成灵敏的红色三元配合物，ε５３０＝１．５６×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，用于测定钢中的钼，结果满意．     

Transition from rigid to flexible structures in micelles of Undecylammonium chloride in aqueous solutions of NaCl

Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) data for Undecylammonium chloride (UAC) in heavy water in the presence of NaCl 0.0428 and 0.3422 M are consistent with the presence of elongated micelles. This micellar shape has been adopted to analyze viscosity data of UAC in water in the presence of NaCl. The results obtained from this last technique are consistent with the increase of the micelle aggregation number with increasing the surfactant concentration. Micelles change from prolate ellipsoidal shape to cylindrical and wormlike shapes by increasing the added NaCl concentration and surfactant concentrations. The differences between results for the micelle aggregation number calculated from viscosity, SANS and light scattering data have been attributed to the solvent effect on micelle formation as well as changes in the size, shape and flexibility of the micelle. Viscosity data provide qualitative information on the effect of the added NaCl concentration and surfactant concentration on the size, shape, flexibility of the micelles in diluted solutions.     

Observations on the role of MgCl2 in the Weissler reaction

Aqueous solutions of Nal containing CCl₄ and MgCl₂ at various concentrations were irradiated under air with 1 MHz ultrasound and the yield of I₃⁻ was determined. The yield was not affected by MgCl₂ at concentrations up to 0.1 M. This contrasts with the finding of Lepoint and co-workers, who reported a sharp minimum in the yield at a MgCl₂ concentration of 2.5 × 10⁻³M, the yield decreased to 60% at 1 M MgCl₂, the reason being the lower solubility of CCl₄ at high MgCl₂ concentrations. In the absence of CCl₄, another dependence on the MgCl₂ concentration was observed: the yield was not affected up to 1 M, and at higher MgCl₂ concentrations the yield rapidly decreased owing to the increased viscosity of the solution. On the basis of these observations, there is no strong reason to postulate an electrical mechanism for the initiation of chemical reactions in the cavitation bubbles.     

Effect of Surface Structure of Nano-CaCO3 Particles on Mechanical and Rheological Properties of PVC Composites

To study the effect of different surface structures on resultant mechanical and rheological properties, nano-CaCO₃ particles were treated with isopropyl tri-stearyl titanate (H928), isopropyl tri-(dodecylbenz-enesulfonyl) titanate (JN198), and isopropyl tri-(dioctylpyrophosphato) titanate (JN114). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic mechanic analysis (DMA), carried out to characterize the effective interfacial interaction between the nano-CaCO₃ particles and a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix, indicated that JN114 treated nano-CaCO₃ particles had the strongest interfacial interaction with a PVC matrix, while H928 treated nano-CaCO₃ had the weakest. The rheological and mechanical properties of PVC/nano-CaCO₃ composites were investigated as a function of surface structure and filler volume fraction. The tensile yield stress and elongation at break decreased with the increasing of calcium carbonate content while tensile modulus increased. PVC filled with JN114 treated nano-CaCO₃ had the highest tensile modulus and tensile yield stress, while those filled with H928 treated nano-CaCO₃ had the highest elongation at break at the same filler content. The impact strength of PVC/nano-CaCO₃ composites increased with the increasing of CaCO₃ content, and PVC composites filled with JN198 treated nano-CaCO₃ particle had a higher impact strength than those with JN114 or H928 treated, with the value reaching 23.9 ± 0.7 kJ/m² at 11 vol% CaCO₃, four times as high as that of pure PVC. Rheological properties indicated that a suitable interfacial interaction and a good dispersion of inorganic filler in a PVC matrix could reduce the viscosity of PVC/nano-CaCO₃ composites. The interfacial interaction was quantitatively characterized by semiempirical parameters calculated from the tensile strength of PVC/nano-CaCO₃ composites to confirm the results from the SEM and DMA experiments.     

Damping Properties of Blends Based on EVM

The mechanical and damping properties of blends of ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber (VA content >40% wt) (EVM)/ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer (EPDM) and EVM/nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), both with 1.4 phr BIPB (bis (tert-butyl peroxy isopropyl) benzene) as curing agent, were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The effect of added polyvinyl chloride (PVC), amido donor N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfonamide (CZ), and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a substitute curing agent, on the damping and mechanical properties of both rubber blends were studied. The results showed that in EVM/EPDM/PVC blends, EPDM was immiscible with EVM and could not expand the damping range of EVM at low temperature. PVC was miscible with EVM and dramatically improved the damping property of EVM at high temperature while keeping good mechanical performance. In EVM/NBR/PVC blends, PVC was partially miscible with EVM/NBR blends and remarkably widened the effective damping temperature range (EDTR) from 41.1°C for EVM/NBR to 62.4°C. Curing agents BIPB and DCP had a similar influence on EVM/EPDM blends. DCP, however, dramatically raised the height of tan δ peak of EVM/NBR = 80/20 and expanded its EDTR to 64.9°C. CZ had no obvious influence on the EVM/EPDM blends cured with BIPB. However, a small content of CZ enlarged the tan δ peak of EVM/NBR = 80/20 in both height and width, but at the cost of a deterioration of mechanical performance.     

保鲜膜材质及使用安全性的拉曼光谱分析

利用便携式拉曼光谱仪对聚乙烯(PE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC)和聚甲基戊烯(PMP)保鲜膜常温和不同条件下加热冷却后的拉曼光谱进行了对照分析。结果表明,应用便携式拉曼光谱仪在常温时可现场快速的对不同材质保鲜膜进行定性检测;同时还证明了聚氯乙烯(PVC)保鲜膜存在严重安全隐患,聚乙烯(PE)、聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC)和聚甲基戊烯(PMP)保鲜膜为安全产品。     

Determination of Organic Chlorine by Aluminium Monochloride Molecular Absorption Spectrometry Using Lead Atomic Line

The present study was conducted to investigate the molecular absorption by AlCl in a carbon rod furnace for determination of chlorine in organic compounds, by using the lead atomic line at 261.418 nm emitted from a Pb-hollow cathode lamp. A deuterium lamp was used for the simultaneous background correction. The method enables rapid and accurate determination of trace chlorine in varying organic samples with good precision. The method was tested on different organic chloro-coumpounds and α-pinene products.