利用DDS器件设计高频雷达回波模拟器

基于双直接数字合成器Q2368芯片能实现任意波形的发生,采用单片机控制Q2368芯片,设计了PC机软件,使其通过串行通讯间接控制Q2368芯片产生各种波形,通过改变输出波形的时延与频率,模拟不同距离、不同速度的目标回波,代替实际目标检测雷达性能,节省了研制费用,缩短了雷达系统的研制周期。重点讨论了脉冲调制雷达和线性调频雷达的回波模拟器的设计与实施方案。     

Solid state interaction of steroids with calixarenes. I. A preliminary FTIR and DSC study on 4-en-3-keto-steroids

Both DSC and FTIR studies indicate that co-grinding and co-precipitation cause steroids to interact with calixarenes. This interaction leads to breaking of the crystal lattice of the steroids, dispersion of the steroidal carbonyls in a hydrophobic environment and formation of hydrogen bonds between steroidal and calixarene hydroxyls. This interaction seems to be specific, depending on the structure of the calixarene and of the steroid involved. It is reasonable to assume that inclusion complexes are formed.     

Molecular Weight Effects on the Reorganization of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride), Polyamide 12, and Poly(p-Phenylene Sulfide)

Although reorganization in metastable polymeric crystals has been recognized for over 30 years, the effect of molecular weight on the reorganization process has not been widely investigated. In this work three polymeric systems were studied: poly(vinylidene fluoride), polyamide 12, and poly(p-phenylene sulfide). For the polymers investigated, the lowest molecular weight sample was found to reorganize the most and, conversely, the highest molecular weight sample was found to reorganize the least. Comparisons of each system show that independent of molecular weight the reorganization rates among the three systems could be differentiated with the polyamide showing the greatest reorganization and the poly(phenylene sulfide) the least. Both conventional differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and temperature-modulated DSC (TMDSC) were used in this study to investigate the reorganization process. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Polypropylene/talc composites modified by a succinyl‐fluorescein grafted atactic polypropylene: A thermal and mechanical study under dynamic conditions

This article reports on the interfacial modifications induced by different amounts of a succinyl‐fluorescein grafted atactic polypropylene (a‐PP‐SF) as a truly interfacial agent in polypropylene/talc composite materials. The a‐PP‐SF used, which contains 4% grafts, was previously obtained in our laboratory by chemical modification of a byproduct from industrial polymerization reactors. Thermal and mechanical analyses of composites, performed under dynamic conditions, led to the correlation of parameters at the microscopic scale with others at the macroscopic scale. Thus, the interfacial effect caused by different amounts of a‐PP‐SF in the composite can be concluded by observations made at either scale. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 1371–1382, 2002     

Kinetic analyses using simultaneous TG/DSC measurements

Summary The thermal decomposition of CaCO₃was studied using simultaneous TG/DSC for two different ranges of particle size from the same source and a physical mixture of each. The difference in kinetic behavior was as expected qualitatively, but significantly different quantitatively. In addition, the mixture did not behave as a simple combination of its end members. These discrepancies are attributed to the problems associated with mass and thermal transport. The TG data again proved easier to fit than the DSC data.     

Characterisation of polysilanes by thermal analysis methods

Polysilanes have been synthesised as potential precursors for silicon carbide fibres. One critical property of these precursors is the ceramic yield obtained on pyrolysis. This is determined by TG and typical curves are shown. A second important property is the suitability for spinning a fine, flexible fibre. The characterisation of ‘spinnability’ is subjective but one of the aims of this work has been to define more precisely the temperature at which to attempt spinning. This has involved the use of TMA and DSC.     

Standardisation in the industrial R&D laboratory

Within industrial thermal analysis applications there is an increasing requirement for more rigorous standardisation to ensure that the data obtained can be reproduced within any other laboratory, using the same procedures. Fundamental to all Quality Accreditation programmes is the need to generate ‘equivalent data’. The paper highlights TA applications where this is not achieved despite the use of standard calibration procedures, where true calibration is difficult to establish due to hardware/software design limitations or the absence of proven and traceable reference materials. Lack of standardisation can have important commercial or legal consequences for both instrument manufacturer and end-user.     

Detection of recombined butter by DSC

DSC can be used to quickly determine if a product labeled as butter is actually a recombined butter made without milk. Recombined butter is manufactured from anhydrous milk fat, skim milk powder, water, salt, and lecithin. Melting profiles of tempered samples of natural butter and recombined butter were alike, but DSC curves from 5 to 25°C of untempered refrigerated samples revealed that the enthalpy of the melting transition around 17–20°C was much higher for natural butter than for recombined butter. The procedure for differentiating the two products can be completed in less than 20 min.Mention of brand or firm names does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over others of a similar nature not mentioned.The authors thank Dr. Thomas Foglia for helpful discussions and Donna Lu for assisting in butter extractions.     

Photopolymerization kinetics of oligo(ethylene oxide) and oligo(methylene) oxide dimethacrylates

The influence of temperature on the photopolymerization kinetics of oligo(methylene) oxide and oligo(ethylene oxide) dimethacrylate series has been investigated by isothermal DSC. The DSC curves showed a rapid rise in rate due to the Trommsdorff effect, and then a slow decline. A shoulder, apparent on many of the DSC curves at low conversions, became more prominent when the cure temperature was lowered. The kinetics were relatively insensitive to the dimethacrylate structure in the early stages of the reaction, but became more dependent as the reaction proceeded. A previously derived mathematical model, which allows for the influence of diffusion on the rate constants, was used to predict the kinetics. The dependence of the maximum rate and conversion on the curing temperature were adequately described by the model. The experimentally observed shoulder on the rate curve was also predicated as was the evolution of the rate/time curves with curing temperature. Similar predictions were found when a nonsteady state version of the model was used. The radiation intensity exponent varied from 0.3 to 0.6 possibly due to chain-length effects and pseudo-first order termination, respectively. The final degree of conversion increased with curing temperature (T_cure) and was correlated with the flexibility of the dimethacrylate. These data were fitted to a theoretical expression relating the final conversion to the resin T_g and to the T_cure. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.