高功率微波效应的多层次多物理场协同算法

针对半导体器件、电路、电子系统的高功率微波效应,提出了一套全新的多层次多物理场协同计算方法。该算法基于半导体器件的物理结构模型,联立并求解由电磁场、半导体物理和热力学方程构成的多物理场方程组,实现了器件级高功率微波效应的仿真;通过器件多物理场仿真和电路仿真的协同计算完成电路级效应仿真;最后进行电路效应和电磁环境的协同计算,获取由多个电路、外壳封装、孔缝和线缆等组成的电子系统的高功率微波效应数据。介绍了该算法的原理和流程,以商业PIN二极管为例,计算了该器件及组成限幅器电路的温度效应、正向恢复特性、半封闭腔体内空间微波辐射等效应,通过与实验测试的对比验证了算法的正确性,同时对效应现象给出了物理机理解释。     

概率神经网络在高功率微波探测数据处理中的应用

为了更好地处理高功率微波探测过程中产生的样本数据,在深入分析高功率微波特性参数的基础上,建立一个高功率微波器件特征参数库,并结合概率神经网络系统建立了一个高功率微波探测预测模型。通过部分学习样本和非学习样本进行预测,预测结果证明该模型能够基本再现原始数据,同时,对非样本数据有着较好的预测能力。这一数据处理方法在处理复杂样本、模式分类和判别过程中具有较高的实用性和实时性,能够在高功率微波探测数据的数据分类、结果预测等方面得到较好的应用。     

高功率双频宽谱平面倒F天线设计分析

设计了一种双频带的高功率宽谱平面倒F天线。在矩形贴片上开L形槽实现天线双频辐射。采用圆锥过渡实现同轴馈线到平板之间的宽带阻抗匹配;通过折叠振子电容加载和合理增加天线高度和宽度实现天线宽带设计。经过优化设计,实现了274 MHz和680 MHz的双频输出,反射系数S11不超过-6 dB的低频带宽和高频带宽分别达到14.6%和20.1%。天线的低频和高频增益分别达到4.4 dB和4.6 dB,对应辐射效率分别达到98%和99%。主辐射方向上的低频和高频远场辐射场与距离乘积与馈入宽带脉冲幅度比值分别为1.07和1.14。对天线的高功率容量进行了设计,将天线置于充0.2 MPa压力SF6气体的增强尼龙箱体中,天线可承受200 MW宽谱高功率微波。     

圆波导TM01-矩形波导TE10模式转换器

设计了一种高功率圆波导TM01-矩形波导TM10模式转换器,可以实现圆波导TM01模式与矩形波导TM10模式之间的相互转换。仿真结果表明：中心频率为9.7 GHz时该模式转换器转换效率大于99.99%,回波损耗小于-40 dB,转换效率大于90%时的带宽大于0.4 GHz。调节底面短路圆波导长度可以实现模式转换器在9.2~10.1 GHz范围内调谐(模式转换效率大于99%)。在圆波导和耦合段连接处引入倒角可有效降低场强,提高功率容量,注入功率0.7 GW,其表面场强小于1 MV/cm。     

脉冲微波对雄性大鼠生殖系统及其子代的影响

采用2.71 GHz脉冲微波（脉冲场强为48 kV/m,脉宽为750 ns,脉冲个数分别为200个1次、200个10次、200个20次）辐照SD雄性大鼠和孕鼠,利用流式细胞术、计算机辅助精子分析系统及水迷宫实验分别检测了精子发生过程中生精细胞DNA损伤情况、附睾内精子活力参数变化及子代学习记忆功能。结果表明：2.71 GHz脉冲微波单次辐照会对雄性大鼠的生精过程产生一定的影响,但对附睾内精子质量无明显影响,而多次辐照对精子质量的影响具有累积效应;亲代大鼠在受照后,其子代的生长在短期会受阻,且学习、记忆能力也会受到一定的影响。     

Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Biosensing Applications: The Effect of the Thermal Treatments on Electrochemical and Optical Properties

The knowledge of the ways in which post-synthesis treatments may influence the properties of carbon quantum dots (CDs) is of paramount importance for their employment in biosensors. It enables the definition of the mechanism of sensing, which is essential for the application of the suited design strategy of the device. In the present work, we studied the ways in which post-synthesis thermal treatments influence the optical and electrochemical properties of Nitrogen-doped CDs (N-CDs). Blue-emitting, N-CDs for application in biosensors were synthesized through the hydrothermal route, starting from citric acid and urea as bio-synthesizable and low-cost precursors. The CDs samples were thermally post-treated and then characterized through a combination of spectroscopic, structural, and electrochemical techniques. We observed that the post-synthesis thermal treatments show an oxidative effect on CDs graphitic N-atoms. They cause their partially oxidation with the formation of mixed valence state systems, [CDs]⁰⁺, which could be further oxidized into the graphitic N-oxide forms. We also observed that thermal treatments cause the decomposition of the CDs external ammonium ions into ammonia and protons, which protonate their pyridinic N-atoms. Photoluminescence (PL) emission is quenched.     

Designed Syntheses of Three {Ni6PW9}-Based Polyoxometalates,from Isolated Cluster to Cluster-Organic Helical Chain

Three new hexa-Ni-substituted Keggin-type polyoxometalates (POMs), [Ni₆(OH)₃- (DACH)₃(H₂O)₆(PW₉O₃₄)]·31H₂O (1), [Ni(DACH)₂][Ni₆(OH)₃(DACH)₃(HMIP)₂(H₂O)₂(PW₉O₃₄)]·56 H₂O (2), and [Ni(DACH)₂][Ni₆(OH)₃(DACH)₂(AP)(H₂O)₅(PW₉O₃₄)]·2H₂O (3) (DACH = 1,2-Diami- nocyclohexane, MIP = 5-Methylisophthalate, AP = Adipate) were successfully made in the presence of DACH under hydrothermal conditions. 1 is an isolated hexa-Ni-substituted Keggin unit decorated by DACH. In order to further construct POM cluster-organic frameworks (POMCOFs) on the basis of 1, by analyzing the steric hindrances and orientations of the POM units, the rigid HMIP and flexible AP ligands were successively incorporated, and another anionic monomeric POM 2 and the new 1D POM cluster organic chain (POMCOC) 3 were obtained. HMIP ligand still acts as a decorating group on the Ni₆ core of 2 but results in the different spatial arrangement of the {Ni₆PW₉} units. AP ligands in 3 successfully bridge adjacent isolated POM cluster units to 1D POMCOC with left-hand helices. The AP in 3 is the longest aliphatic carboxylic acid ligand in POMs, and the 1D POM cluster-AP helical chain represents the first 1D POMCOC with a helical feature.     

气相色谱-质谱联用技术用于利尿剂的快速初筛和确证

利用微波辅助衍生及宏程序技术,对反兴奋剂条例的禁用列表中的一系列利尿剂药物进行了研究。建立了同时分析尿样中9种利尿剂的气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)测定以及抽检尿样的初筛、确证的新方法。在GC-MS的选择离子监测(SIM)模式下,所建立定量方法的检出限为0.3~6.6μg/L;尿样中的提取回收率为37.6%~96.8%;RSD小于9.7%。由于采用了微波衍生样品前处理技术和宏程序数据处理方法,显著提高了分析效率,不但检测灵敏度完全能满足国际奥委会的要求,而且检测时间缩短3 h以上。方法成功地应用于口服吲达帕胺后尿样的检测,探讨了人尿中吲达帕胺代谢情况,有效进行兴奋剂监控提供了依据。     

密闭微波消解-冷原子荧光光谱法测定蔬菜中的痕量汞

采用硝酸和过氧化氢体系,密闭微波消解,冷原子荧光光谱法测定蔬菜中的痕量汞,选择0.3g/L硼氢化钾溶液为还原剂,硝酸溶液(1 99)为酸介质。测定结果表明汞浓度在0~1μg/L范围线性良好,相关系数大于0.9990,汞的加标回收率为90.2%~99.6%,测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于4%,检出限为0.0058μg/L。     

离子液体作为微波吸收剂促进苯甲醛与巴比妥酸的缩合反应

离子液体是纯粹由离子组成的液体,通常由二烷基季铵阳离子与四氟硼酸根、六氟磷酸根、卤素负离子等阴离子组成.离子液体具有强极性、低蒸汽压,对无机和有机物具有良好的溶解性以及对绝大部分试剂稳定等一系列特殊性质,常作为反应介质或催化剂用于有机合成中[1,2].