A spectromicroscopy study of the corrosion of fusion-bonded epoxy–coated rebar

Reported herein is an analysis of accelerated corrosion of a commercially coated fusion-bonded epoxy rebar sample using an X-ray spectromicroscopy methodology that involves the combination of X-ray fluorescence mapping (XRF) and micro X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (μ-XANES). XRF maps collected using an excitation energy of 7115 eV reveal a sharp contrast between corroded and noncorroded sample areas after correction for topography effects that can be confirmed by Fe K-edge μ-XANES. This X-ray spectromicroscopy methodology allows for the study of corrosion through commercially prepared polymer-coated rebar coatings without any modification to the polymer film prior to analysis and is suitable for long-term testing of the corrosion of these materials under real-world conditions.     

特稠油乳化降黏机理研究

研究了胜利油田罗家高硫特稠油的黏度及其极性四组分、有机杂原子、金属元素的关联。结果表明,该稠油的高黏度主要与三个因素有关：（1） 含有高分子量的胶质和沥青质组分;（2） 硫的质量分数很高;（3） 金属元素V、Fe、Ni形成配位络合物增加了沥青质的内聚力。同时考察了所筛选的降黏剂的效果,降黏剂明显降低了油水界面张力,使得稠油的黏度降低。比较了添加降黏剂前后沥青质的电子探针照片的变化,推测降黏剂分子借助强的形成氢键的能力和渗透、分散作用进入沥青质片状分子之间,破坏了沥青质分子平面重叠的聚集体,使聚集结构变得疏松,表明聚集有序性降低是稠油降黏的主要机理。     

微探针纳米尺度振动测试的实验研究

微探针是扫描探针显微镜(SPM)的重要组成部件,其共振频率等振动特性直接影响系统的性能。给出了系统微探针共振频率的测试方法,对微探针在压电陶瓷驱动力作用下的受迫振动进行了有限元分析。提出了相位变化0.1°所对应的0.1nm位移分辨率的双频激光外差干涉光学测量系统,对微探针纳米尺度振动特性进行了测试对比实验,并对SPM标定样块进行了比对分析。实验结果验证了双频激光外差干涉测量方法的可行性和其应用价值。     

Detection and visualisation of elemental components in various ambient species by synchrotron microbeam technique

This study introduces the application of the synchrotron radiation induced X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) microprobe installed at the Super Photon ring-8 GeV (SPring-8), which is the world's largest third-generation synchrotron radiation facility, to the specification of chemical properties of various atmospheric samples. The combination of visual elemental mapping and XRF spectral analyses allows for the interpretation of the nature and composition of individual particles. Individually collected droplets by the replication technique were also irradiated by X-ray microbeam to carry out visual reconstruction of elemental maps for their multiple components. The multielemental peaks corresponding to X-ray energy were also successfully resolved. Because the chemical contents of solute for individual droplets can be definitely clarified in this study, we can describe the mechanisms involved in droplet formation and pollutant scavenging. The point analysis of sand dust collected from the local desert in China confirmed that the fine fragments of sand, which may be lifted and transported over a long distance, are considerably inhomogeneous in elemental component.     

微束核反应及其对流体包裹体的应用

本文主要介绍了扫描质子探针中微束核反应分析原理。给出了用８７２ｋｅＶ质子能量的＾１９Ｆ（ｐ,αγ）＾１６Ｏ共振反应测量氟元素的方法,并利用扫描质子探针对地幔流体包裹体内的氟元素含量进行了测量。     

多孔硅纵向分辨拉曼及光致发光研究

运用高灵敏度的共焦显微拉曼系统研究了多孔硅在纵向的拉曼效应和光致发光的性质。研究结果表明多孔硅在形成的初期和后期的反应机制不相同。反应初期,外表面的颗粒尺寸比内表面的大,而经过长时间刻蚀而获得的多孔硅,其外表面颗粒尺寸比内表面的小。我们认为反应的初期主要受表面不均匀电场的影响,而随着表面多孔层的增厚和颗粒的细化,刻蚀反应逐渐变成受传质过程和量子尺寸约束的控制。     

电极/溶液界面pH值的现场测量

一般认为阴极表面功能陶瓷电沉积层的形成是由于基底 /溶液界面化学环境变化造成的 [1,2 ] ,但目前还没有直接的实验数据加以证明 .原位测量电极 /溶液界面 p H的变化存在两方面的困难 :(1 )传统方法是采用玻璃 p H计 ,由于其体积较大、强度脆弱等原因 ,使其在测量固 /液界面化学环境变化的应用方面受到一定限制 [3 ] ;(2 )将 p H微探针置于电极表面 ,将会影响功能陶瓷在电极表面的沉积 ,从而使测定的界面 p H值不能真实反映电沉积过程中固 /液界面化学环境的变化 .本文基于功能陶瓷电沉积过程不受影响的情况下现场直接测量电极 /溶液界面…     

易解石族矿物的稀土成分变化特征

白云鄂博Nb—RE-Fe矿床中，产于霓石-萤石-白云石．易解石脉中的易解石族矿物，在背散射电子图象中显示复杂带状结构特征。电子探针分析表明，相对于世界其它产地易解石，白云鄂博易解石的RE2O3含量较高，其质量分数变化范围为36．720k-40．32％。区分4个矿物种：铈易解石、钕易解石、铌铈易解石和铌钕易解石。矿物成分中阳离子的相关关系表明，存在特殊的耦合类质同象替换，可用交换矢量表示为：CaNb(Nd，Sm，Pr)-1Ti-1和LaNbTh-1Ti-1。易解石的稀土分布模式为单峰型，最大值为Pr或Nd。陨石标准化La／Nd比的变化范围为0．15-0．40，表明白云鄂博的易解石为相对La衰减和Nd富集。易解石族矿物的化学成分变化受晶体化学控制和含矿热液化学变化的影响。     

Assessment of local analysis by fourier transform laser microprobe mass spectrometry with external ion source

Laser microprobe mass spectrometry (LMMS) is a technique for local analysis of inorganic and organic constituents in the m range. This paper will focus on selected applications. First of all, element detection is illustrated by data from a 50-nm TiW layer on silicon and by the detection of residual Cr on HPLC column packing material. Speciation capabilities of LMMS are demonstrated on pure substances and on a coated neo-ceramic. Finally, the feasibility of organic analysis is shown in the case of a biologically active compound and dyed cloth fibres.     

硬X射线微米探针高精度样品定位系统

介绍了上海光源硬X射线微聚焦光束线站(BL15U1)的高精度样品定位系统。该系统由离线样品显微镜系统、在线样品实验系统和高精度定位样品架三部分组成。通过编译控制程序、样品架定位、坐标转换,将样品的在线X射线荧光成像实验和离线显微镜观察进行有效结合,首次在国内同步辐射装置上实现样品在微米范围内的快速离线定位。该系统帮助科研工作者在利用微束X射线研究物质微区特征时,快速准确地寻找微区研究对象。利用金网进行X射线荧光成像实验,对比离线高倍显微镜下金网各结点的坐标,对样品定位系统的精度进行验证。结果表明,该样品定位系统在X方向的平均误差为1.3 μm,Z方向的平均误差为2.5 μm。该系统不仅简便快速、准确可靠,节约宝贵的实验时间,也为同步辐射微聚焦线站开展样品自动对焦方法提供技术前提。