基质对微囊体系构筑的影响

采用相反电性的多聚电解质间的凝聚反应,以三元共聚物为囊膜,对壳聚糖衍生物(HNC)溶液作为微囊内基质进行成囊研究,并探讨不同分子量及脱乙酰度的HNC溶解特性;进一步研究不同浓度的HNC基质对微囊的释放度和囊膜强度的影响.结果表明,分子量为80×103的HNC在细胞生理pH条件下具有良好的溶解特性;低浓度HNC基质有利于微囊内生物活性物质的释放,而高浓度HNC则可制备高强度的微囊.     

Investigation of a Broadband Quasi-Optical Mode Converter for a Multi-Frequency 1 MW Gyrotron

A broadband quasi-optical (QO) mode converter for a multi-frequency gyrotron has been designed and tested at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (FZK). The launcher is optimized for the TE_22,8 mode at 140 GHz, but the radiated beams present an almost identically focused pattern for all 9 considered modes between 105 GHz (TE_17,6) and 143 GHz (TE_23,8). Combining with a beam-forming mirror system, which consists of a quasi-elliptical mirror and two phase-correcting mirrors with non-quadratic surface contour, further calculations show that efficiencies of more than 94% have been achieved for converting the rotating high-order cylindrical cavity modes into the usable fundamental Gaussian mode. Low power (cold) measurements show a good agreement with theoretical predictions. This QO mode converter can be used for the broadband operation of a multi-frequency 1 MW gyrotron.     

Controlling domain wall chirality by combining hard and soft magnetic materials in planar nanostructures with wire-ring morphology

Vortex domain walls (DWs) are characterized by their chirality, an important property that needs to be controlled for the use of such walls in potential technological applications. In this work we explore a wire-ring structure in which we have alternate hard and soft magnetic materials. Our results evidence that, depending on the materials, it is possible to control the DW chirality when it goes through the ring section. Therefore, this system can be used as a device that controls domain wall chirality.     

Topological charge analysis of dynamic process of transition to Néel-type skyrmion: Role of domain wall skyrmions

Magnetic skyrmions are intriguing topological spin textures that promise future high-density spintronic devices. The creation of magnetic skyrmions has been understood based on the energetics of skyrmions, but the detailed dynamic process of the skyrmion creation remains unclear. Here topological evolution in conversion from uneven domains to Néel-skyrmions is investigated using micromagnetic simulations. We find that, rather than the overall topological charge, annihilation of novel topological defects, i.e., recently suggested domain wall skyrmions, dominantly govern the skyrmion creation process. Also, the topological charge evolution is interpreted in terms of the number and the combination of such topological defects.     

自驱动Janus微球近壁运动特性实验与数值模拟研究

自驱动Janus微球是形状规则但表面构成不同的特殊活性颗粒. 针对微米级Pt-SiO₂型Janus 微球近壁面自驱动现象, 实验测得了微球的自驱动速度V_Janus, 并观察到微球运动过程中与垂直方向存在一偏转仰角ψ, 且ψ角随H₂O₂溶液浓度的增大呈减小趋势. 在此基础上, 建立自驱动Janus微球的数值模型, 通过模拟得到了微球在不同浓度H₂O₂溶液中的偏转仰角ψ及距底面的高度δ, 模拟与实验一致. 利用这些数据进一步讨论了壁面效应对微球旋转特征时间τ_R的影响. 这一工作对于理解Janus 微球的运动机理及发展相关应用具有重要意义.     

Frequency-selective REDOR and spin-diffusion relays in uniformly labeled whole cells

Solid-state NMR is a powerful and non-perturbative method to measure and define chemical composition and architecture in bacterial cell walls, even in the context of whole cells. Most NMR studies on whole cells have used selectively labeled samples. Here, we introduce an NMR sequence relay using frequency-selective REDOR (fsREDOR) and spin diffusion elements to probe a unique amine contribution in uniformly ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Staphylococcus aureus whole cells that we attribute to the d-alanine of teichoic acid. In addition to the primary peptidoglycan structural scaffold, cell walls can contain significant amounts of teichoic acid that contribute to cell-wall function. When incorporated into teichoic acid, d-alanine is present as an ester, connected via its carbonyl to a ribitol carbon, and thus has a free amine. Teichoic acid d-Ala is removed during cell-wall isolations and can only be detected in the context of whole cells. The sequence presented here begins with fsREDOR and a chemical shift evolution period for 2D data acquisition, followed by DARR spin diffusion and then an additional fsREDOR period. fsREDOR elements were used for ¹³C observation to avoid complications from ¹³C–¹³C couplings due to uniform labeling and for ¹⁵N dephasing to achieve selectivity in the nitrogens serving as dephasers. The results show that the selected amine nitrogen of interest is near to teichoic acid ribitol carbons and also the methyl group carbon associated with alanine. In addition, its carbonyl is not significantly dephased by amide nitrogens, consistent with the expected microenvironment around teichoic acid.     

Ferromagnetic CNT suspended H2O+Cu nanofluid analysis through composite stenosed arteries with permeable wall

In the present article magnetic field effects for CNT suspended copper nanoparticles for blood flow through composite stenosed arteries with permeable wall are discussed. The CNT suspended copper nanoparticles for the blood flow with water as base fluid is not explored yet. The equations for the CNT suspended Cu–water nanofluid are developed first time in the literature and simplified using long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions. Exact solutions have been evaluated for velocity, pressure gradient, the solid volume fraction of the nanoparticles and temperature profile. Effect of various flow parameters on the flow and heat transfer characteristics is utilized. It is also observed that with the increase in slip parameter blood flows slowly in arteries and trapped bolus increases.     

Exact flow of a third-grade fluid on a porous wall

The flow of a third-grade fluid occupying the space over a wall is studied. At the surface of the wall suction or blowing velocity is applied. By introducing a velocity field, the governing equations are reduced to a non-linear partial differential equation. The resulting equation is analysed analytically using Lie group methods.     

Experimental study of pool temperature effects on nucleate pool boiling

Nucleate pool boiling experiments with constant wall temperature were performed using pure R113 for subcooled, saturated, and superheated pool conditions. A microscale heater array and Wheatstone bridge circuits were used to maintain the constant wall temperature and to measure the instantaneous heat flow rate accurately with high temporal and spatial resolutions. Images of bubble growth were taken at 5000 frames per second using a high-speed CCD camera synchronized with the heat flow rate measurements. The bubble geometry was obtained from the captured bubble images. The effect of the pool conditions on the bubble growth behavior was analyzed using dimensionless parameters for the initial and thermal growth regions. The effect of the pool conditions on the heat flow rate behavior was also examined. The bubble growth behaviors during subcooled, saturated, and superheated pool boiling were analyzed using a modified Jakob number that we newly defined. Dimensionless time and bubble radius parameters with the modified Jakob number characterized the bubble growth behavior well. These phenomena require further analysis for various pool temperature conditions, and this study will provide good experimental data with precise constant wall temperature boundary condition for such works.     

混凝土砌块墙体裂缝的力学机理探讨

从混凝土砌块墙体裂缝的工程调查出发，分析裂缝的成因和表现形式，指出温度裂缝和干缩裂缝混凝土砌块墙体裂缝的两种主要形式．根据实测的墙体温差，计算了温度裂缝应力；根据Kelvin方程，阐述了干缩裂缝的机理，并估算了干缩裂缝应力，解释了产生混凝土砌块墙体的裂缝原因。