认可机制下实验室人员培训工作的组织与开展

针对部分实验室在人员培训工作中存在的培训模式不清、培训机制不健全、培训质量较低的问题,系统地分析了计量实验室人员培训所涉及的主要类别、内容及要求等。对培训工作的流程逐个进行详尽地描述,分内部培训和外部培训两个方面对培训中应注意的问题进行重点说明,为广大计量实验室管理人员开展人员培训工作提供借鉴。     

军民融合式军事计量发展现状及未来发展趋势

介绍了国内外军事计量技术的发展现状,以及新时期军事计量发展的方向——军民融合式军事计量。对军民融合式军事计量发展的背景和现阶段计量领域中存在的问题进行分析和讨论,阐述了推进军事计量军民融合式发展的重要意义。论述了在计量保障领域进行军民融合的益处和可行性,并在加强内部沟通、人才队伍建设、资源优化配置等几个方面就如何推进其发展提出了自己的观点和看法。     

化学计量学在分析化学中的应用

从化学定量构效关系、模式识别法、人工神经网络、波谱化学、多元校正分析法等方面对化学计量学在分析化学中的应用进行了综述。阐明了化学计量学在分析化学中的作用及广阔的应用前景。     

实验室质量体系运行的关键控制点分析

通过对十几年来实验室计量认证的经验总结,对县级实验室质量体系运行情况进行了分析。指出了质量体系运行的关键控制点、存在的问题、解决问题的方法。经分析认为,基层实验室的生存和发展必然趋势是提高自身的检测能力。     

自发参量下转换双光子场的产生及其在光学计量中的应用

讨论自发参量魃光子场的产生机理，提出一种基于自发参量下转换双光子场绝在量子效率新方法。基于这一方法地光子计数型电倍增管的量子效率进行测量，并将实验结果与常规方法没得的结果进行比较。     

Modified and Optimized Glass Electrode for pH Measurements in Hydrated Ethanol Fuel

One of the quality control parameters of ethanol fuel is pH, established by the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 10891, whose scope is specific for hydrated ethanol fuel, and by the American standard ASTM D 6423, which focuses on anhydrous ethanol fuel. This study presented a modified and optimized structure using a single solvent, both for the glass electrode and the external reference electrode, to minimize the presence of the liquid junction potential for measuring the pH of hydrated ethanol fuel. The Box–Behnken design enabled us to determine the optimal condition expected for the new measurement system, which was compared with the systems proposed by the standard references and the turning range of acid–base indicators using parametric and nonparametric tests. The results revealed that the pH values obtained by the different systems are statistically different, and that only the values obtained by this proposal are suitable for the pH range found by the indicators. The optimized electrode presented an adequate response sensitivity to the Nernst equation, having an operational behavior adequate for the modified and optimized glass electrode for pH measurements in hydrated ethanol fuel.     

长时间精密锁定的掺Er光纤飞秒光学频率梳

自行研制了基于掺Er光纤飞秒激光器的光学频率梳并实现了重复频率 f_r信号和载波包络偏移频率(Carrier-envelope offset, f_o) 信号的精密锁定, 锁定后的 f_r信号和 f_o 信号的频率抖动量的标准偏差分别为0.515 mHz和93.13 mHz.     

基本物理常数概述及牛顿引力常数的测量

据不完全统计,基本物理常数有160余个之多,覆盖物理学各个领域。自国际科学技术数据委员会(CODATA)1973年首次发表国际推荐值以来,至今已发表了6次推荐值。文章介绍了基本物理常数的分类以及近期发表的基本物理常数领域的主要成就。这些成就及新的突破对物理学和计量学具有重要的意义。牛顿引力常数是测量万有引力的重要常数,具有深远的意义,但其数值极小,因此测量难度很大;二百余年来,科学家精益求精,不断更新方法,以求减小其测量的不确定度。     

数字散斑相关技术进展及应用

数字散斑相关技术是廿世纪末发展的一项光力学测量技术,历经20年各国学者的研究改进积累,目前已成为一种成熟的测量方法,并已成功地应用于力学测量中。本文回顾和叙述了这些进展,并列举在各方面的应用实例以进一步扩展其应用领域。数字散斑相关技术的八个关键问题即1.相关公式,2.搜索技术,3.亚像素搜索,4.散斑图,5.减噪,6.补偿技术,7.位移场至应变场转换,8.三维位移场测量。最后将叙述数字相关技术在材料测试、结构模型及实物监测、岩石力学、复合材料性能研究、生物力学等方面的广泛应用情况。     

International Atomic Energy Agency's contributions to advances in nutritional and environmental metrology

For more than three decades the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has supported projects on food, nutrition and environment for strengthening the analytical capabilities in developing countries (DCs). Over time, such efforts have led to the development of proper study designs, harmonization of sampling protocols, adequate contamination control and evaluation of the suitability of competing analytical techniques for the determination of specific analytes. Collectively, these consistent IAEA initiatives have promoted harmonization of chemical measurements thus facilitating comparability of results of filed investigations. Importantly, the Agency's efforts have infused a measure of metrological awareness in measurements carried out in field studies, including physiological measurements. Nuclear and isotopic techniques have played an important role in reaching these goals by establishing reliable measurement processes for application in health care studies.