烷基硫酸钠对MMA种子乳液聚合的影响

研究了烷基硫酸钠纯度，烷基碳链分布对甲基丙烯酸甲酯种子乳液聚合反应的影响。结果表明，烷基硫酸钠中乙醇不溶物含量的增加，可提高ＭＭＡ乳液聚合反应速度，在采用Ｋ２Ｓ２Ｏ８－ＮａＨＳＯ３－Ｃｕ＾２＋三元氧化－还原引发体系的ＭＭＡ乳液聚合中，Ｆｅ＾２＋降低反应速率，而Ｆｅ＾３＋则提高聚合反应速率；     

Stereospecific syntheses of sex pheromones of the californian red scale and white peach scale (Homoptera:Diaspididae) based on 1,4-cis-hydrogenation of dienes

Stereospecific syntheses of (±)-3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-3(Z),9-decadien-1-yl acetate and (±)-3,9-dimethyl-6-isopropenyl-3(Z),9-decadien-1-yl propionate (the Racemoc forms of the pheromones of the scalesAonidiella aurantii andPseudaulascaspis pentagona) with a geometrical purity of the (Z)-trisubstituted double bond not lower than 99 % were performed. The key step in both syntheses was the 1,4-cis-hydrogenation of the corresponding ethyl 3-methyl-6-(1, 1-ethylenedioxyethyl)-2,4,9-decatrienoates catalyzed with chromium carbonyl complexes. These 2,4-dienes were obtained in five conventional steps including the alkylation of ethyl acetoacetate by the appropriate 1-bromo-3-butenes and the Horner-Emmons olefination of the corresponding -branched aldehydes.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2026–2031, October, 1995.     

一些新型呋咱衍生物的合成

以歧化松香为原料, 将其纯化得到脱氢松香酸, 然后经甲酯化、溴代、硝化、成环等步骤, 合成了三个新型脱氢松香酸甲酯呋咱的衍生物12,13-氧化呋咱脱异丙基脱氢松香酸甲酯、12,13-呋咱脱异丙基脱氢松香酸甲酯、12-溴-13,14-氧化呋咱脱异丙基脱氢松香酸甲酯. 产物经红外光谱、核磁共振谱和元素分析方法进行了表征.     

Analysis of free and esterified sterols in vegetable oil methyl esters by capillary GC

The introduction of quality standards for vegetable oil methyl esters is gaining in importance due to their increased use as diesel fuel substitutes and as technical products. Free and esterified sterols, the main constituents of the unsaponifiable matter in vegetable oils, are recovered in vegetable oil methyl esters and may influence the technical properties of vegetable oil methyl ester products. A rapid gas chromatographic method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of free and esterified sterols in vegetable oil methyl esters has therefore been developed. The concentration of the free sterols as well as their qualitative and quantitative composition and the concentration of the sterol esters have been determined in rape seed oil methyl ester samples by GC–FID. Prior to analysis, the free sterols were silylated with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide with 1% of trimethylchlorosilane; betulinol was used as an internal standard. Calibration was performed by analysis of standard solutions containing β-sitosterol, cholesteryl stearate, and betulinol. The reproducibility of the quantitative results has been evaluated by repeated injections of the same test solution and by repeated complete analysis of the same sample.     

萃取分光光度法测定废烟末中的尼古丁

本文在ｐＨ４．５的乙酸－乙酸钠缓冲溶液中，使烟碱与甲基橙生成稳定的黄色络合物，然后用二氯甲烷萃取。于λｍａｘ＝４３５ｎｍ处测定有机相的吸光度，烟碱浓度在０－６５μｇ／５ｍＬ范围内符合比尔定律，摩尔吸光系数为９．８％１０＾３Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－＾１．ｃｍ＾－＾１。方法快速，简便，应用于烟草中烟碱的定量分析，其加标回收率在８１－１０９％之间，相对标准偏差小于４．１％。     

SYNTHESIS OF DBN AND ITS CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE FOR METHANOL CARBONYLATION TO METHYL FORMATE

1 , 5-diazabicyclo['1, 3, 0]non-5-ene(DBN) has been synthesized in our laboratory, and its catalytic activity and selectivity for methanol carbonylation to methyl formate (MF) have been studied. The experimental results have demonstrated that the synthetic processes of DBN used for the present work are reasonable and feasible. The total yield of three steps of DBN synthsis is approximate to 80%. The activity evaluation has shown that DBN can effectively catalyze the carbonylation reaction of methanol in the presence of propylene oxide (PO) promoter. PO-promoted DBN is a novel catalytic system superior to sodium methoxide.     

Apparent molar heat capacities of aqueous solutions of acetic,propanoic and succinic acids,sodium acetate and sodium propanoate from 300 to 525 K and a pressure of 28 MPa

The apparent molar heat capacities of dilute aqueous solutions of acetic, propanoic and succinic acid and sodium salts of the two monofunctional acids were measured at 300 Kp,2 ^o . After subtracting the heat capacity of a point mass, the remaining heat capacity was successfully decomposed into functional group contributions at all temperatures. Together with the results of our previous paper on alcohols and diols the heat capacity contributions of the CH₂, CH₃, OH, COOH, (COOH)₂, and COONa groups are now available and these allow reasonably accurate predictions of the heat capacities of all compounds composed of these groups in this temperature range.     

Synthesis of 1-oxa-2-silacyclopentane derivatives via intramolecular nucleophilic attack at silicon

Metalation of (HSiMe₂)₃CH with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in THF gives (HSiMe₂)₃CLi, which reacts with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1,2-epoxy butane, 1,2-epoxy pentane, 1,2-epoxy hexane, and epichlorohydrin to give the corresponding 1-oxa-2-silacyclopentane derivatives. Then, glycidylmethacrylate (GM) random copolymers with styrene (St) (in a 1:1 and 1:3 mol ratio) were synthesized by solution free radical polymerization at 70(±1) °C using α,α′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as an initiator. Both types of copolymers were treated with (HSiMe₂)₃CLi to give new modified copolymers. The reaction of (HSiMe₂)₃CLi with epoxides on the side chains of the copolymers does not lead to intramolecular nucleophilic attack contrary to simple epoxides. All the products have been characterized by spectroscopic techniques.     

A temperature study on critical micellization concentration (CMC), solubility, and degree of counterion binding of α-sulfonatomyristic acid methyl ester in water by electroconductivity measurements

 For a sodium salt of α-sulfonatomyristic acid methyl ester (14SFNa), one of the α-SFMe series surfactants, critical micellization concentration (CMC), solubility and degree of counterion binding (β) were determined by means of electrocon-ductivity measurements at different temperatures (at every 5 °C) ranging from 15 to 50 °C. The phase diagram of 14SFNa in pure water was constructed from the CMC- and solubility-temperature data, in which the Krafft temperature (critical solution temperature) was found around 0 °C. The changes in the Gibbs energy, ΔG ⁰ _m, enthalpy, ΔH ⁰ _m, and entropy, ΔS ⁰ _m, upon micelle formation as a function of temperature were evaluated taking βvalues into calculation. Received: 28 August 1996 Accepted: 5 November 1996     

Effect of take-up speed on physical properties and permeation performance of cellulose acetate hollow fibers

Cellulose acetate (CA) ultrafiltration hollow fibers were spun via the dry-jet wet spinning technique. The effect of the take-up speed on the mechanical properties, morphology, thermal properties, pure water permeation, retention, and surface characterization of hollow fiber membranes were investigated. Both the inner and outer diameters of the hollow fiber decreased with the increase of take-up speed. Macrovoids were observed on the inner surface of the drawn hollow fibers. The d-space decreased with the increase of the take-up speed. The ultimate tensile stress (UTS) increased and the breaking elongation decreased with the increase of take-up speed. The permeation performance was measured. The hydraulic permeability increased and the retention decreased slightly with the increase of the take-up speed. The surface roughness increased with the increase of the take-up speed. The thermal analysis results showed that the endothermic peak shifts to the higher temperature region and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) decrease for a higher take-up speed.