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191.
Branko Druzina Matej Stegu 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(15):1079-1093
The degradation of 15 organophosphorus insecticides was studied in drinking, ground, and surface waters under different laboratory-controlled and environmental conditions. Surface waters originated from rivers Savinja (near the city of Celje) and Kamniska Bistrica (at the spring), which both belong to the Danube river basin. Groundwater was collected from wells (70?m deep) in Ljubljana, which are the direct source of drinking water for the capital. These matrices were selected on the basis of their different chemical composition and microbial activity. Major factors influencing the degradation were determined, such as temperature, oxygen, sunlight, pH, and type of water. The degradation of atrazine, present in many water sources in Slovenija, was followed simultaneously as a reference under the same conditions. The degradation kinetics was followed by gas chromatography with mass-selective detection, which also allowed the identification of some degradation by-products, such as oxon analogues paraoxon, dyfoxon, malaoxon, phenyl-methyl sulfoxide, fenthion sulfone, phorate sulfoxide, and phorate sulfone. The results show that the half-lives of the selected organophosphorus insecticides varied from 4 to 192 days or more, depending on the water source and experimental conditions. As a result, kinetically constants and half-lives were calculated for every tested insecticide, and major degradation products were determined. 相似文献
192.
《Journal of carbohydrate chemistry》2013,32(5):331-337
A slightly water soluble (4‐O‐methyl‐d‐glucurono)‐d‐xylan was isolated from the skin of Opuntia ficus‐indica (OFI) fruits by alkaline extraction, followed by ethanol precipitation and ion‐exchange chromatography. The structure of this xylan was determined by sugar determination coupled with a 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy analysis. The xylan consisted of a linear (1→4)‐β‐d‐xylopyranosyl backbone decorated with 4‐O‐methyl‐α‐d‐glucopyranosyluronic acid groups linked to the C‐2 of the xylopyranosyl residues, in the ratio of one uronic acid for six neutral sugar units. 相似文献
193.
采用共沉淀法以不同的滴加混合顺序制备了新型高效无铬Cu-Zn-Al-Ba催化剂,通过XRD、SEM、BET、H2-TPR和TG等表征方式进行了分析,对其前驱体、焙烧后和还原后催化剂物相进行分析研究,探究了相同条件下不同滴加混合顺序对催化剂结构与催化性能的影响,同时考察了催化剂对C12~C18脂肪酸甲酯加氢制醇的催化性能以及重复利用性。结果表明,以混合盐溶液滴加沉淀剂所制备的无铬Cu-Zn-Al-Ba催化剂R-cat具有较好的酯加氢催化活性和稳定性。在230℃,3MPa氢压的反应条件下,R-cat催化C12~C18脂肪酸甲酯加氢制醇的收率和选择性都高于90%,催化剂重复利用5次,仍保持较高的催化活性。 相似文献
194.
Photofragment translational spectroscopy at 304 nm from C-H symmetric stretch excited CH3I [v
1 = 1]
ZHOU ZhiMin HU LiLi DONG ChangWu ZHANG LiJuan LIU Sheng DU YiKui CHENG Min ZHU QiHe 《中国科学:化学(英文版)》2014,57(6):902-910
The 304 nm photodissociation of the C-H symmetric stretch excited CH3I[v1=1,v2=0](v1 denotes the C-H symmetric stretch mode,and v2 denotes the umbrella mode)is studied with our simple photofragment translational spectrometer.An IR laser is used to excite the ground state CH3I[0,0]to the C-H symmetric stretch excited CH3I[1,0].With IR laser OFF and ON,the fractions of photofragments CH3(ν1,ν2)from the 304 nm photodissociation of CH3I[1,0]have been determined through the photofragment translational spectra(PTS)from measuring I and I*and also through the PTS from measuring CH3(0,0)(1,0)(0,1)and(1,1).The experimental results show that the C-H symmetric stretch vibration(v1=1)in parent molecules is about 66%retained in the photofragments in the I channel,but only 24%in the I*channel.The populations of photofragments CH3(0,2)and(0,3)are higher than CH3(0,0)and(0,1),showing strong inverted population both in I and I*channels. 相似文献
195.
Guang‐Ming Liang Jing Shang Kun‐Guo Yang Kai Ma Qing‐Ling Ni 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2014,70(4):379-383
The title compounds, bis{μ‐N‐[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]pyridin‐4‐amine‐κ2N1:P}disilver bis(perchlorate) acetonitrile monosolvate, [Ag2(C18H17N2P)2](ClO4)2·CH3CN, (1), and bis{μ‐N‐[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]pyridin‐4‐amine‐κ2N1:P}bis[(nitrato‐κ2O,O)silver], [Ag2(C18H17N2P)2(NO3)2], (2), each contain disilver macrocyclic [Ag2(C18H17N2P)2]2+ cations lying about inversion centres. The cations are constructed by two N‐[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]pyridin‐4‐amine (DPP) ligands linking two Ag+ cations in a head‐to‐tail fashion. In (1), the unique Ag+ cation has a near‐linear coordination geometry consisting of one pyridine N atom and one P atom from two different DPP ligands. Two ClO4− anions doubly bridge two metallomacrocycles through Ag...O and N—H...O weak interactions to form a chain extending in the c direction. The half‐occupancy acetonitrile molecule lies with its methyl C atom on a twofold axis and makes a weak N...Ag contact. In (2), there are two independent [Ag(C18H17N2P)]+ cations. The nitrate anions weakly chelate to each Ag+ cation, leading to each Ag+ cation having a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry consisting of one pyridine N atom and one P atom from two different DPP ligands, and two chelating nitrate O atoms. Each dinuclear [Ag2(C18H17N2P)2(NO3)2] molecule acts as a four‐node to bridge four adjacent equivalent molecules through N—H...O interactions, forming a two‐dimensional sheet parallel to the bc plane. Each sheet contains dinuclear molecules involving just Ag1 or Ag2 and these two types of sheet are stacked in an alternating fashion. The sheets containing Ag1 all lie near x = , , etc, while those containing Ag2 all lie near x = 0, 1, 2 etc. Thus, the two independent sheets are arranged in an alternating sequence at x = 0, , 1, etc. These two different supramolecular structures result from the different geometric conformations of the templating anions which direct the self‐assembly of the cations and anions. 相似文献
196.
Hong Shen 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2014,70(11):1025-1028
The title CdII coordination polymer, [Cd(C10H8O4)(C12H12N6)0.5(H2O)]n, has been obtained by the hydrothermal method and studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, IR spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The compound forms a novel three‐dimensional framework with 3,8‐connected three‐dimensional binodal {4.52}2{42.510.612.7.83} topology. An investigation of its photoluminescence properties shows that the compound exhibits a strong fluorescence emission in the solid state at room temperature. 相似文献
197.
Russell G. Baughman Gabriel B. Hall 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2014,70(10):975-977
Structural studies performed in this laboratory of organophosphorus pesticides continue with these related compounds. The –NO2 groups of methyl parathion (systematic name: dimethyl 4‐nitrophenyl phosphorothioate, C8H10NO5PS) and dicapthon (systematic name: 2‐chloro‐4‐nitrophenyl dimethyl phosphorothioate, C8H9ClNO5PS) make dihedral angles of 10.67 (8) and 5.8 (1)°, respectively, with the planes of their attached rings, which accompanies angular distortion at the ring C atoms to which the –NO2 groups are attached. Similar distortions are observed at the C atom to which the thiophosphate groups are attached. Significant differences in distances and angles around the phenolic O, versus the –OMe groups, explain why it is the site of hydrolysis for these compounds. A comparison of a torsion angle involving the thiophosphate group and phenolic O atom with similar pesticide structures is given and indicates steric influences on that angle. 相似文献
198.
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer that has a variety of applications, one of which is as biomaterial in surgery or as functional layers on implants, due to its compatibility with living tissue. This paper reports the possibilities of quantification of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in a polymer matrix such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by micro Raman spectroscopy (MRS). Blends of amorphous poly(DL‐lactic acid) with poly(methyl methacrylate) were prepared by the procedure of dissolution/precipitation. Thermal properties of the blends such as the glass transition temperature (Tg) were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The PLA/PMMA blends exhibited only a single glass transition region, indicating that this system is miscible. The PLA/PMMA system obeys the Gordon–Taylor equation (Tg versus PLA content). Various concentration ratios of PLA blends were prepared to use as a basis for quantitative analysis by MRS. Intensities of the characteristic bands at 813 cm−1 (νCOC of PMMA) and 873 cm−1 (νC―COO of PLA) were used for the calculation. The calibration graph showed a good linear correlation with an R2 value of 0.9985. On the basis of the calibration curve obtained, the determined content of several PLA/PMMA blends was in good agreement when compared with nominal contents. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were calculated by the calibration data set as signal‐to‐noise method. The relative standard deviation of this method was lower than 10% and the accuracy better than 4%. This study demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy provides an alternative non destructive method for quantitative analysis of PLA in a PMMA matrix. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
199.
200.