习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想学理化研究论纲

加强对习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的学理化研究具有重大理论和现实意义。开展学理化研究,一方面是要坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,加快推动学科体系、学术体系和话语体系建设,推动构建中国特色哲学社会科学;另一方面,学理化研究可以增强对新思想的学科体系、学术体系和话语体系的有力支撑,使新思想进一步彰显其内在的学理性、创新性和整体性,从而全面系统揭示习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的时代性、科学性和真理性,以及彰显当代中国马克思主义理论的优秀品质和学风文风。开展学理化研究,要紧扣习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想这一根本性主题和主线,聚焦并挖掘新思想对马克思主义理论的原创性贡献,更好体现新思想的理论创新性、价值创造性以及实践指导性。推动学理化研究,需要处理好学理化研究与党的理论宣传和贯彻落实以及与思想性和工具性、实践性和理论性、学术话语和政策话语、本土化和国际化、学理化和大众化等之间的内在关系。     

中国比较文学复兴四十年学科方法论整体观

中国比较文学学科自1978年复兴以来,已经取得了40年的长足进展。但也出现了一些值得注意的现象和偏失。本文首先结合西方比较文学学科史与国内比较文学研究新趋势,归纳与中国比较文学发展相生相伴的两种不良倾向,那就是影响研究难免影响解读的囿限,造成所谓“影响研究的神话化”,同时注意文学理论和文学作品美学品格共时研究的平行研究,也因选题随意、不注重可比性原则、失去文学性底线等原因而被“妖魔化”了,影响研究和平行研究有被对立起来的趋势。文章进而在梳理影响研究与平行研究两者间辩证关系的基础上,对比较文学的几种主要研究类型进行综合论述,重新界定了比较文学的“可比性”与“知识装备”两个重要概念;最后则尝试展望全球比较文学第三阶段样态与特点,表明中国比较文学历经40年跨越式发展,相对于比较文学教学和研究实践的蓬勃发展,我国学界在比较文学方法论建构上依然任重道远。     

结构优化中的建模方法概述

建立优化模型是结构优化前的最佳选择. 由于工程实际问题的复杂性, 很难建立显式表达的模型, 即使少数问题能够建立显式表达的模型, 也难以求解. 因此需要借助近似方法建立模型, 为了便于求解或提高求解效率, 通常还要对模型进行变换. 文中列举了结构优化中常用的近似建模方法, 并根据建立近似显式的途径和敏度分析的方法对其进行分类, 详细介绍了近几年来广泛应用的样本点构造方法, 然后描述了它们在结构优化中的应用和具体实现过程, 分析了它们的优缺点和应用范围, 指出了结构优化建模方法今后的发展方向.      

Response surface methodology optimization of extraction and enrichment conditions of total triterpenoid saponins from Celosiae Semen and evaluation of its lipid-lowering activity

The saponin-enriched extract from Celosiae Semen is a promising resource owing to its lipid-lowering activity. However, triterpenoid saponins are difficult to extract owing to their high molecular weight and strong water solubility. The aim of this paper was to explore an eco-friendly and effective technology of extraction and enrichment of total triterpenoid saponins to obtain high lipid-lowering fractions. Initially, Box–Behnken design experiments were employed to optimize the heat reflux extraction process on the basic of mono-factor experiments. Afterwards, the crude extract was further purified using D-101 resin, and the purification parameters were investigated based on adsorption/desorption experiments and biological activity assay. Under optimal conditions, the purity of the finally obtained total triterpenoid saponins was increased by 7.28-fold. The lipid-lowering activities of the six main triterpenoid saponins were evaluated in HepG2 cells induced by palmitic acid. The results of Oil Red O staining showed that the compounds all exhibited potential lipid-lowering activity. The structure–activity relationship analysis suggested that the oligosaccharide chain at C-28 played an essential role in their lipid-lowering activity and the substituent group at C-23 site also showed important effects. The optimal extraction and purification methods may facilitate the utilization of Celosiae Semen for the industrial production as a functional food and drug.     

Bioactive Components and Anticancer Activities of Spray-Dried New Zealand Tamarillo Powder

Tamarillo fruit contains many phytochemicals that have beneficial therapeutic and nutritional properties. Spray-drying is widely used to preserve fruit puree in powder form. However, to obtain high-quality fruit powder, the optimisation of spray-drying conditions is necessary, as a high drying temperature can damage sensitive bioactive compounds. This study investigated the effects of spray-drying on the microstructure, polyphenolics, total flavonoids, total carotenoids, antioxidant activity, and anticancer capacity of tamarillo powder. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise the spray-drying process to produce tamarillo powder. The independent variables were inlet drying temperature (120–160 °C), flow rate (1–5 g/mL), and maltodextrin concentration (0–10%). These variables influenced the microstructural attributes, bioactive components, and cytotoxicity of the spray-dried tamarillo powder. The increase in polyphenols and antioxidant activities were favoured under high-temperature spray drying conditions and a low carrier concentration. The optimised spray-drying conditions for producing tamarillo powder with high antioxidant and anticancer activities, high yield, and stable bioactive compounds were found to be at 146.8 °C inlet temperature, and a flow rate of 1.76 g/mL.     

Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Active Components and Antioxidant Activity from Polygala tenuifolia: A Comparative Study of the Response Surface Methodology and Least Squares Support Vector Machine

Dried roots of Polygala tenuifolia (YuanZhi in Chinese) are widely used in Chinese herbal medicine. These components in YuanZhi have significant anti-oxidation properties owing to high levels of 3,6’-disinapoylsucrose (DISS) and Polygalaxanthone III (PolyIII). In order to efficiently extract natural medicines, response surface methodology (RSM) and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) were used for the modeling and optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of DISS and PolyIII together to determine the antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained from YuanZhi. For the optimal combination of the comprehensive yield of DISS and PolyIII (Y), the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to improve extraction time (X₁), extraction temperature (X₂), liquid–solid ratio (X₃), and ethanol concentration (X₄). The optimal process parameters were determined to be as follows: extraction time, 93 min; liquid–solid ratio, 40 mL/g; extraction temperature, 48 °C; and ethanol concentration, 67%. With these conditions, the predictive optimal combination comprehensive evaluation value is 13.0217. It was clear that the LS-SVM model had higher accuracy in predictive and optimization capabilities, with higher antioxidant activity and lower relative deviations values, than did RSM. Hence, the LS-SVM model proved to be more effective for the analysis and improvement of the extraction process.     

微波-超声波协同一步提取衍生化-气相色谱-质谱联用快速分析中药材猫爪草中的脂肪酸

建立了一种微波-超声波协同一步提取衍生化、气相色谱-质谱联用快速测定中药材猫爪草中低含量脂肪酸的方法。以总脂肪酸的色谱峰面积为响应指标,采用响应曲面法优化了主要工艺参数,其结果为: 猫爪草粉末5.0 g,正己烷50.0 mL,微波功率500 W,反应温度50 ℃,催化剂用量0.30 g,甲醇用量4.0 mL,提取衍生化时间8 min。以内标法定量各个脂肪酸的含量,一步提取衍生化法获得的总脂肪酸峰面积((3.327±0.023)×107, n=3)和总不饱和脂肪酸含量((13.59±0.30) mg/g, n=3)明显高于传统方法((2.410±0.036)×107(n=3)和(12.05±0.34) mg/g(n=3))。该方法简化了复杂的样品处理过程,缩短了反应时间,降低了分析成本,改善了提取和衍生化效率,尤其是减少了不饱和脂肪酸的氧化和分解。该方法具有简单、快速和实用性的特点,是一种极具应用潜力的中药材中低含量脂肪酸的快速分析方法。     

咪唑环合成方法的新进展

综述了咪唑环合成方法的新进展，讨论了部分合成方法的特点及反应机理。参考文献４１篇。