双CCD立体视觉系统的理论研究

依据几何成像原理建立起双CCD立体视觉系统的数学模型,并从图像转换的角度上,综合分析了CCD与物体之间的距离、两个CCD的间距和观看距离三个参数之间的关系。利用这些关系可指导立体视觉系统的结构设计。     

消像散型Czerny-Turner成像光谱仪图像变形校正研究

Czerny-Turner结构成像光谱仪像散校正会改变系统焦距,导致图像子午方向和弧矢方向放大率存在差异。分析了两种Czerny-Turner结构成像光谱仪像散校正光路(柱面镜和超环面)像散校正原理,由此提出并推导出两类光谱图像变形校正公式和方法,并总结二者的共同特征。通过理论计算、光线追迹仿真和实际光谱成像测量验证了图像变形校正方法的正确性。同时,该图像校正方法对其他准直光工作条件下离轴结构色散型成像光谱仪图像变形校正研究有借鉴意义。     

非球面手机屏幕放大镜的设计

为方便老年人、视力障碍者等特殊人群看清手机上的文字及图像,采用ZEMAX光学设计软件,从高折射率材料,镜片面型和类型的选择上,以及从使用双胶合镜或非球面等方面设计了几款手机屏幕放大镜.通过分析手机屏幕放大镜特点,发现用非球面镜片不仅可以改善屏幕周边的像质并可减小镜片厚度.最后,还设计了几种放大镜与手机的契合方式,以克服现有手机放大镜片的不足.     

Study on the radial vibration and acoustic field of an isotropic circular ring radiator

Based on the exact analytical theory, the radial vibration of an isotropic circular ring is studied and its electro-mechanical equivalent circuit is obtained. By means of the equivalent circuit model, the resonance frequency equation is derived; the relationship between the radial resonance frequency, the radial displacement amplitude magnification and the geometrical dimensions, the material property is analyzed. For comparison, numerical method is used to simulate the radial vibration of isotropic circular rings. The resonance frequency and the radial vibrational displacement distribution are obtained, and the radial radiation acoustic field of the circular ring in radial vibration is simulated. It is illustrated that the radial resonance frequencies from the analytical method and the numerical method are in good agreement when the height is much less than the radius. When the height becomes large relative to the radius, the frequency deviation from the two methods becomes large. The reason is that the exact analytical theory is limited to thin circular ring whose height must be much less than its radius.     

球面参考光预放大数字全息成像系统分辨力

为了提高数字全息成像系统的成像分辨力,对以球面波作为参考光波的预放大数字全息成像系统的记录和再现过程进行了理论推导,得出了该系统的脉冲响应表达式,并由此分析了决定该系统成像分辨力的因素。在CCD成像分辨力高于显微物镜分辨力的情况下,通过对分辨力测试板进行实验,讨论了系统分辨力与记录距离的关系。结果表明:再现像的分辨力对记录距离不敏感;但在记录距离为零,即像面数字全息系统下,再现像具有更高的分辨力。实验结果与理论分析一致。     

投影光刻物镜倍率的公差分析与补偿

为满足严格的套刻需求,双远心结构的投影光刻物镜需要选择恰当的元件移动来进行倍率的补偿和调节。提出了一种简单而实用的方法来进行倍率的公差分析。该方法利用商业优化设计软件和有限差分算法计算了多项公差对物镜倍率的敏感程度,同时结合公差对系统波像差的敏感度选择最佳的倍率补偿元件。利用以上方法,对一台双远心、工作波长193nm以及数值孔径0.75的投影光刻物镜进行了倍率的公差分析和补偿器优选。结果显示,系统较好地实现了±50×10-6的倍率调节功能,而系统波像差劣化程度均方根值小于1.5nm。     

双电感型脉冲电源模块负载电流的研究

轨道炮的发射需要幅值足够大脉宽足够宽的梯形波电流。研究了两个电感型脉冲电源模块给同一负载供电时的三种工作模式,在不同的工作模式下,负载的电流放大倍数和脉宽增值不同。由实验和仿真结果知: 两个STRETCH meat grinder电源模块在相同模式下工作时,负载电流放大倍数最大,脉宽增值最小。在主管同开同断且晶闸管延时的模式下工作时,脉宽增值最大,电流放大倍数最小。以第二模块延时第一模块的模式工作时,负载电流的放大倍数和脉宽增值都是居三模式之中,因此可通过选取合适的触发方式获得所需要的负载电流。     

基于多路复用体全息光栅的角度放大器设计

为设计基于多路复用体全息光栅的角度放大器, 建立了多路复用角度放大器(MAM)模型, 从效率均衡性和角度分布均匀性两个方面归纳了其设计规则; 研究了光刻过程中的误差对MAM性能的影响; 分析了实际发散光束对MAM性能的影响. 研究表明:控制光栅空间频率和光栅倾斜角可以实现需要的MAM角度分布, 控制光栅厚度和折射率调制深度可以实现MAM最佳衍射效率; MAM最大复用路数不超过10路; 增大光栅倾角或者记录光与工作光波长之比有利于抑制参考光角度误差带来的MAM出射角分布误差, 减小光栅厚度有利于抑制厚度误差与折射率调制深度误差对衍射效率的影响; 当远场发散角大于光栅角半宽时, 最佳衍射效率下降到50%以下且角度选择曲线失去局部最小值; 增大空间频率或者光栅厚度可以减小所需的折射率调制深度, 增多MAM可复用路数, 但是不利于效率均衡性设计和抑制发散光束的影响.     

抗性负载超声变幅杆振动特性研究

在负载为纯力抗的状况下，利用纵振型变幅杆等效四端网络，对频率方程和放大系数进行了研究．得到了三类常用变幅杆频率方程和放大系数的表达式；并通过MATLAB编程，分别绘制了三类变幅杆共振频率及放大系数随负载变化的曲线图．这将对超声变幅杆的研究和设计提供一定的理论依据．     

Scanning Electron Microscopy for Quantitative Small and Large Deformation Measurements Part II: Experimental Validation for Magnifications from 200 to 10,000

A combination of drift distortion removal and spatial distortion removal are performed to correct Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images at both ×200 and ×10,000 magnification. Using multiple, time-spaced images and in-plane rigid body motions to extract the relative displacement field throughout the imaging process, results from numerical simulations clearly demonstrate that the correction procedures successfully remove both drift and spatial distortions with errors on the order of ±0.02 pixels. A series of 2D translation and tensile loading experiments are performed in an SEM for magnifications at ×200 and ×10,000, where both the drift and spatial distortion removal methods described above are applied to correct the digital images and improve the accuracy of measurements obtained using 2D-DIC. Results from translation and loading experiments indicate that (a) the fully corrected displacement components have nearly random variability with standard deviation of 0.02 pixels (≈25 nm at ×200 and ≈0.5 nm at ×10,000) in each displacement component and (b) the measured strain fields are unbiased and in excellent agreement with expected results, with a spatial resolution of 43 pixels (≈54 μm at ×200 and ≈1.1 μm at ×10,000) and a standard deviation on the order of 6 × 10⁻⁵ for each component.