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11.
R. Guerrero F.G. Aliev R. Villar J. Hauch M. Fraune G. Güntherodt K. Rott H. Brückl G. Reiss 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2006
We report on tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR), current–voltage (IV) characteristics and low-frequency noise in epitaxially grown Fe(1 1 0)/MgO(1 1 1)/Fe(1 1 0) magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with dimensions from 2×2 to 20×20 μm2. The evaluated MgO energy barrier (0.50±0.08 eV), the barrier width (13.1±0.5 Å) as well as the resistance times area product (7±1 MΩ μm2) show relatively small variation, confirming a high quality epitaxy and uniformity of all MTJs studied. At low temperatures (T<10 K) inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) shows anomalies related to phonons (symmetric structures below 100 meV) and asymmetric features above 200 meV. We explain the asymmetric features in IETS as due to generation of electron standing waves in one of the Fe electrodes. The noise power, though exhibiting a large variation, was observed to be roughly anti-correlated with the TMR. Surprisingly, for the largest junctions we observed a strong enhancement of the normalized low-frequency noise in the antiparallel magnetic configuration. This behavior could be related to the influence of magnetostriction on the characteristics of the insulating barrier through changes in local barrier defects structure. 相似文献
12.
P. Macko D. Romanini O.V. Naumenko A. Jenouvrier A. Campargue 《Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy》2004,227(1):90-108
The absorption spectrum of natural water vapour around 1.5 μm has been recorded with a typical sensitivity of 5 × 10−10 cm−1 by using a CW-cavity ring down spectroscopy set up based on fibred DFB lasers. A series of 31 DFB lasers has allowed a full coverage of the 6130.8-6748.5 cm−1 (1.63-1.48 μm) region corresponding to the H transparency band of the atmosphere. The line parameters (wavenumber and intensity) of a total of 5190 lines, including 4247 lines of water vapor, were derived by a one by one fit of the lines to a Voigt profile. Different isotopologues of water (H216O, H218O, H217O, and HD16O) present in natural abundance in the sample contribute to the spectrum. For the main isotopologue, H216O, 2130 lines were measured with line intensities as weak as 10−29 cm/molecule while only 926 lines (including a proportion of 30% inaccurate calculated lines) with a minimum intensity of 3 × 10−27 cm/molecule are provided by the HITRAN and GEISA databases. Our comparison in the whole 5750-7965 cm−1 region, has also evidenced that an error in the process of conversion of the intensity units from cm−2/atm to cm−1/(molecule × cm−2) at 296 K, has led to H216O line intensities values listed in the HITRAN-2000 database, systematically 8 % below the original FTS values. The rovibrational assignment was performed on the basis of the ab initio calculations by Schwenke and Partridge with a subsequent refinement and validation using the Ritz combination principle together with all previously measured water transitions relevant to this study. This procedure allowed determining 172, 139, 71, and 115 new energy levels for the H216O, H218O, H217O, and HD16O isotopologues, respectively. The results are compared with the available databases and discussed in regard of previous investigations by Fourier transform spectroscopy. The spectrum analysis has showed that most of the transitions which cannot be assigned to water are very weak and are due to impurities such as carbon dioxide and ammonia, leaving only about 3% of the observed transitions unassigned. The interest of a detailed knowledge of water absorption for trace detectors developed in the 1.5 μm range is underlined: for instance HDO contributes significantly to the considered spectrum while no HDO line parameters are provided by the HITRAN database. 相似文献
13.
Simone Calogero 《Journal of Differential Equations》2004,204(2):323-338
The Nordström-Vlasov system is a Lorentz invariant model for a self-gravitating collisionless gas. We establish suitable a priori bounds on the solutions of this system, which together with energy estimates and the smoothing effect of “momentum averaging” yield the existence of global weak solutions to the corresponding initial value problem. In the process we improve the continuation criterion for classical solutions which was derived recently. The weak solutions are shown to preserve mass. 相似文献
14.
Y. Gu Igor L. Kuskovsky R.D. Robinson G.F. Neumark S.P. Guo M.C. Tamargo 《Solid State Communications》2005,134(10):677-681
The composition and size of optically active CdxZn1−xSe/ZnSe quantum dots are estimated with a previously developed method. The results are then compared with those obtained for CdxZn1−xSe/Zn0.97Be0.03Se QDs. We show that introducing Be into the barrier material enhances both Cd composition and quantum size effect of optically active quantum dots. 相似文献
15.
Johan van Benthem 《Logica Universalis》2007,1(1):125-138
We prove new Lindstr?m theorems for the basic modal propositional language, and for some related fragments of first-order
logic. We find difficulties with such results for modal languages without a finite-depth property, high-lighting the difference
between abstract model theory for fragments and for extensions of first-order logic. In addition we discuss new connections
with interpolation properties, and the modal invariance theorem.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): Primary 03B45; Secondary 03C95 相似文献
16.
We consider a flower-like Ising model, in which there are some additional bonds (in the “flower-core”) compared to a pure
Ising chain. To understand the behaviour of this system and particularly the competition between ferromagnetic (usual) bonds
along the chain and antiferromagnetic (additional) bonds across the chain, we study analytically and iteratively the main
thermodynamic quantities. Very interesting is, in the zero-field and zero-temperature limit, the behaviour of the magnetization
and the susceptibility, closely related to the ground state configurations and their degeneracies. This degeneracy explains
the existence of non-zero entropy at zero temperature, in our results. Also, this model could be useful for the experimental
investigations in studying the saturation curves for the enzyme kinetics or the melting curves for DNA-denaturation in some
flower-like configurations. 相似文献
17.
XIE Fu-Ding Xiao-Shan LIU Feng 《理论物理通讯》2004,42(11)
Based on the rank analysis method, algorithmization idea, and symbolic computation, in this paper we have presented a method to construct the conservation laws for nonlinear evolution equations. The polynomial conservation laws for K (n 2, n) equations and mnK(m, n) equations are found by using of this approach and some new results have been obtained. 相似文献
18.
We formulate the super-KMS condition suggested by Connes and Kastler, in the context of entire cyclic cohomology of quantum algebras. We show that the Chern character of Jaffe, Lesniewski, and Osterwalder — associated by Kastler to a super-KMS functional — satisfies the entire growth condition. Hence, a super-KMS functional defines a cocycle for the entire cyclic cohomology of quantum algebras.Supported in part by the National Science Foundation. 相似文献
19.
T. Katsuki 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2004,53(9):1859-1870
The recent development of asymmetric Baeyer—Villiger oxidation of prochiral and racemic ketones is briefly summarized, focusing on the regio- and stereocontrol of the oxidation attained by regulating the stereoelectronic demand in the step of rearrangement of the Criegee intermediate.Based on the report presented at the International Conference Modern Trends in Organoelement and Polymer Chemistry dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, May 30–June 4, 2004).Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1784–1794, September, 2004. 相似文献
20.
N. K. Gusarova B. A. Trofimov T. N. Rakhmatulina S. F. Malysheva S. N. Arbuzova S. I. Shaikhudinova A. I. Albanov 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》1994,43(9):1591-1592
The reaction of styrene and -methylstyrene with P in aprotic polar solvents in the presence of KOH affords diorganylphosphinous acids.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1680–1681, September, 1994. 相似文献