Convenient procedure of Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination for the synthesis of simple and functionalized α,β-unsaturated nitriles

A mild and practical procedure of Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination promoted by lithium hydroxide and α-cyano phosphonates has been set up for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated nitriles. The reaction conditions are tolerated by functionalized ketones and the exclusive formation of E-γ-hydroxy α,β-unsaturated nitriles has been observed.     

Pyrolytic synthesis and Eu→Eu reduction process of blue-emitting perovskite-type BaLiF3:Eu thin films

Perovskite-type barium lithium fluoride (BaLiF₃) was synthesized by pyrolysis of metal trifluoroacetates. The reaction temperature necessary for producing a single-phase material was found to be 600°C, which was lower than that for a conventional solid-state reaction or a melting method. Eu-doped BaLiF₃ was also prepared and characterized to examine the suitability of trifluoroacetates for precursors in synthesizing homogeneous complex metal fluoride materials. It was demonstrated that trivalent Eu³⁺, which was used as acetate for a starting material, was reduced to divalent Eu²⁺ in the pyrolysis process of BaLiF₃, as indicated by a broad blue emission due to an allowed 4f⁶5d→4f⁷ transition at 408 nm with a ultraviolet excitation at 254 nm. The concentration quenching of the blue emission occurred at 5 at% of Eu in BaLiF₃, indicating that Eu was homogeneously dispersed in the BaLiF₃ host lattice. Mechanisms of the formation and reduction process of BaLiF₃ were discussed based on pertinent chemical reactions.     

锂离子二次电池电解质材料LiPF6的制备及表征

0引言 液态锂离子电池自1990年开发成功以来,由于具有比能量高、工作电压高、应用温度范围宽、自放电率低、循环寿命长、无污染、安全性能好等许多独特的优势[1],所以其发展前景十分广阔.目前液态锂离子二次电池中开发使用的无机阴离子导电盐主要有LiClO4、LiPF6、LiAsF6等,但LiClO4为强氧化剂,使用不安全而不宜用于电池,LiAsF6虽然性能颇佳,但有毒且价格较贵,故也不宜广泛使用.LiPF6被认为是目前较合适的电解质[1],但其制备困难,价格较贵,且目前报道的合成方法也多是以HF为介质[2～5].本文作者以PF5和LiF为原料在CH3CN溶剂中简单有效地合成了高纯LiPF6,并通过在手套箱中制样的方法对目标产物进行了红外、热重和X射线衍射分析,给出了LiPF6的红外光谱图、热重分析数据和X射线衍射图.     

合成气制乙醇的铑基催化剂中助剂铁,锂的作用本质研究

催化活性测试表明,助剂Fe具有显著提高乙醇生成选择性及铑催化活性的双重作用;助剂Li具有显著提高乙醇选择性的作用,对铑催化活性影响不大。基于H_2/D_2同位素效应结果及CO化学吸附、IR、XRD、XPS等的表征结果,认为助剂Fe经活化处理后大部分与Rh形成RhFe合金,使Rh分散度显著提高,从而提高了乙醇的选择性;Rh分散度的提高以及小部分以Fe~(2+)(Fe~(3+))形式存在的助剂Fe促进甲酰基的生成及随后的氢解断C-O键反应是助剂Fe促使铑催化活性提高的两个因素。Li的主要作用在于通过与C_2含氧中间体乙烯酮氧端的弱亲合作用,促进了乙醇前驱体的生成,从而使乙醇生成选择性提高。     

氯化钠对锂离子电池石墨负极的修饰改性

Numerous carbonaceous materials have been studied as anodes of lithium ion batteries during the past several years[1￣4].Graphite was favored for battery applications because it exhibits a high specific capac- ity, low working potential close to that of l…     

铌酸锂晶体性能的组成依赖性(英文)

总结了铌酸锂晶体的各项性能指标,显示了其对晶体实际组成的强烈依赖性.利用化学键模型定量地解释了这种依赖性产生的根源,从而说明了制约该晶体性能提高的关键因素是晶体结构中的缺陷控制.     

Synthese und Struktur von Li3RhH6, einem ternären Hydrid mit isolierten [RhH6]3−-Oktaedern

Synthesis and Structure of Li₃RhH₆ — a Ternary Hydride with Isolated [RhH₆]^3? Octahedra The ternary rhodium hydride Li₃RhH₆ was synthesized by the reaction of lithium hydride with rhodium under a hydrogen pressure of 80 bar. X-ray investigations on powdered samples and an elastic neutron diffraction experiment on the deuterated compound led to the complete structure determination (space group: Pnma, Z = 4). The atomic arrangement is isotypic to the Na₃RhH₆ structure type. The crystal structure contains isolated [RhH₆]^3? octahedra, which are separated by the lithium ions.     

The non-isothermal devitrification of lithium germanate glasses

The non-isothermal devitrification of lithium germanate glasses, examined by DTA and XRD, is reported and discussed. The glass compositions are expressed by the general formula:xLi₂O(1?x)GeO₂ withx=0.050, 0.125, 0.167, 0.200 and 0.250. All the glasses studied, unlike GeO₂ glass, exhibit internal crystal nucleation without the addition of any nucleating agent. The devitrification processes occur in one or more steps. Phases which crystallized at each step are identified and crystallization mechanisms proposed. These crystallization mechanisms are related to structures of the crystallizing phases. Activation energy values as well as those for glass transition temperatures, do not vary linearly with increase in Li₂O content but pass through a maximum atx=0.200.     

PVC DISULFIDE AS CATHODE MATERIALS FOR SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERIES

PVC disulfide (2SPVC) was synthesized by solution crosslink and its molecular structure was confirmed by infrared spectrum. 2SPVC's specific area is 36.1 m2·g-1 tested by stand BET method, and granularity experiment gives out the particle size of d0.5= 11.3μm. With SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) experiment the surface morphology and particle shape of 2SPVC were observed. Cyclic voltammetry (scan rate: 0.5 mV·s-1) shows that 2SPVC experience an obvious S-S redox reaction in charge-discharge process. When 2SPVC was used as cathode material for secondary lithium battery in a 1 mol·L-1 solution of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (Li(CF3SO2)2N) in a 5:45:50 volume ratio mixture of o-xylene (oxy), diglyme (DG) and dimethoxymethane (DME) at 30℃, the first discharge capacity of 2SPVC is about 400.3 mAh·g-1 which is very close to its theoretical value (410.5 mAh·g-1) at a constant discharge current of 15 mA·g-1. It can retain at about 346.1 mAh·g-1 of discharge capacity after 30 charge-discharge cycles. So 2SPVC is a very promising cathode candidate for rechargeable lithium batteries.     

Shape analysis based critical Eotvos numbers for buoyancy induced partial detachment of oil drops from hydrophilic surfaces

Removal of oil drops from solid surfaces immersed in an aqueous medium is of interest in many applications. It has been shown that drop shape analysis can be used to predict conditions at which the stability limit of a lighter than water oil drop on a solid surface immersed in an aqueous bath is reached (Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 98 (2002) 265). However the above analysis is restricted to cases where the contact angle made by the drop is below 90degrees and when the surface conditions result in a 'pinned' contact line. In this paper, it is shown that drop shape analysis can be used to predict the critical conditions at which drop stability limit is reached for drop contact angles of 90degrees and above, which is encountered with 'hydrophilic' surfaces. This critical condition can predict the occurrence of partial oil drop detachment, before complete removal due to 'roll-up', which occurs when the hydrophilic surface is adequately smooth which prevents 'pinning' of the contact line. The critical conditions at which partial drop detachment occurs can also be approximately predicted from simple force balances. It has been shown (Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 98 (2002) 265) that for contact angles less than 90degrees, the critical limit based on shape analysis appears to resolve the differences that arise due to alternate expressions for capillary retention force. This paper shows that even for contact angles above 90degrees, the critical conditions predicted from the shape analysis resolves the differences in the predictions from the alternate force balances. Drop shape analysis used in this paper is based on the 'Arc-length' form of Young-Laplace or 'drop shape' equation, which is different from the 'Y vs X' form of the above equation that is used in Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 98 (2002) 265. The above drop shape equation is solved by a fourth order Runge-Kutta technique and it is shown that for angles less than 90degrees, the two forms of the drop shape equation, predict almost identical values of the critical Eotvos number. This paper highlights the competing effects of interfacial tension lowering induced drop instability and 'roll-up', a term that is used to describe the retraction of the contact line of an oil drop on a surface, in being the primary c ause for drop detachment.