高分辨率制冷型中波广角红外成像系统的光学设计

设计了一个F数为2,工作波段为3.7～4.8μm,全视场2ω=111.2°的高分辨率制冷型中波广角红外成像光学系统。该系统采用二次成像构型,通过Si、Ge、ZnSe三种材料六片式对称布局,利用折/衍混合器件及非球面,实现了光学被动消热差设计,使系统在-55℃至+80℃的宽温范围内,在空间频率为33lp/mm处的光学传递函数(MTF)均大于0.4,系统在15μm的像素尺寸内,能量集中度大于70%;采用f-θ设计,使成像系统对不同视场具有相同的角分辨率;通过引入光阑像差和控制像方视场角,使像面具有较好的均匀性,边缘视场最低相对照度为中心视场的90.9%,且具有近100%的冷光阑效率,同时,系统具有较好的冷反射抑制效果,该光学系统适用于像素为15μm,分辨率为640pixel×512pixel的中波制冷探测器。     

红外/激光双模共口径光学系统设计

针对未来导弹的发展趋势,提出一种红外/激光双模共口径光学系统设计方案,可用于获取目标的双模信息。分析了光学系统的基本参数,研究了双模共口径系统的设计思想,并进行了光学系统设计。所设计系统实现了长波红外和激光双波段的共口径成像。红外部分相对孔径1.27,光学系统传递函数接近于衍射限;激光部分相对孔径0.63,接近于理论极限,成像光斑能量分布均匀,线性区范围内光斑变化较小。     

数字图像散斑相关技术的蚁群优化方法

基于蚁群优化方法提出新的数字图像散斑相关算法。该方法模仿了真实蚂蚁从其巢到食物找到最短路径的方式,通过对蚁群优化方法改进,减少迭代次数并改善解的质量。将新的数字图像散斑相关算法应用到计算机模拟的散斑图像和实验获得的散斑图像中,并与广泛使用的Newton-Raphson算法进行了比较。实验结果展示了新算法的精度、可行性和有效性。当数量级为0.01像素,误差离散均方根小于0.002像素。     

降温速率对Ag-SmBCO单畴生长中自发成核的影响

在前期的研究中曾通过Ag掺杂降低Sm123/Sm211体系熔点,利用Nd123冷籽晶技术成功制备出具有理想织构的SmBCO/Ag单畴块材.但在实验结果中发现相比于未掺杂坯体,掺入Ag后的SmBCO坯体生长速率下降,在所考察的慢冷温区里,生长速率呈不断减小趋势,最终因自发成核而无法继续生长,使得SmBCO单畴区域局限于15×15mm2范围内.为了抑制单畴生长中的自发成核现象,本文研究了降温速率对SmBCO/Ag单畴自发成核的影响.在两组不同条件下的降温速率实验中发现,不同的降温速率对体系自发成核的抑制效果是不同的.利用降低降温速率,成功地将掺Ag SmBCO单畴面积从15×15mm2增大至26×26mm2.     

An improved synthesis of pennogenin

An improved synthesis of pennogenin, a bioactive component of Chinese herb “Chonglou” (Paris), is described. A ring-switching process opened the ring E of diosgenin and allowed the use of a hydroxyl-directed diboration/oxidation to introduce C17α-OH, hence eliminating the use of OsO₄. This strategy might be rendered to synthesize similar steroids with C17α-OH.     

Bioanalytical method development and validation of moxidectin in plasma by LC–MS/MS: Application to in vitro metabolism

Moxidectin (MOX) has recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of river blindness in select populations. It is also being evaluated as an alternative for the use of ivermectin, widespread resistance to which is becoming a global health issue. Moreover, MOX is becoming increasingly used as a prophylactic antiparasitic in the cattle industry. In this study, we developed and validated an LC–MS/MS method of MOX in human, monkey and mouse plasma. The separation was achieved on an ACE C₁₈ (50 × 3.0 mm, 3 μm) column with isocratic elution using 0.1% acetic acid and methanol–acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) as mobile phase. MOX was quantitated using MS/MS with an electrospray ionization source operating in negative multiple reaction monitoring mode. The multiple reaction monitoring precursor ion → product ion transitions for MOX and abamectin (IS) were m/z 638.40 → 236.30 and m/z 871.50 → 565.35 respectively. The MS/MS response was linear over the concentration range 0.1–1000 ng/mL in plasma with a correlation coefficient (r²) of 0.997 or better. The within‐ and between‐day precision (relative standard deviation, RSD) and accuracy were within the acceptable limits per US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. The method was successfully applied to an in vitro metabolic stability study of MOX.     

Rapid quantitative analysis of etoricoxib in human plasma by UPLC‐MS/MS and application to a pharmacokinetic study in Chinese healthy volunteers

A selective and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous determination of etoricoxib in human plasma. Chromatography was performed on an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (1.8 μm, 50 × 2.1 mm), with a flow rate of 0.600 mL/min, using a gradient elution with acetonitrile and water which contained 2 mm ammonium acetate as the mobile phase. Detection was carried out on Triple QuadTM 5500 mass spectrometer under positive‐ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. The respective mass transitions used for quantification of etoricoxib and etoricoxib‐d3 were m/z 359.0 → 280.1 and m/z 362.0 → 280.2. Calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 5–5000 ng/mL. The validated method was applied in the pharmacokinetic study of etoricoxib in Chinese healthy volunteers under fed and fasted conditions. After a single oral dose of 120 mg, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of etoricoxib in fasted and fed groups were respectively as follows: peak concentration, 2364.78 ± 538.01 and 1874.55 ± 367.90 ng/mL; area under the concentration–time curve from 0 to 120 h, 44,605.53 ± 15,266.66 and 43,516.33 ± 12,425.91 ng h/mL; time to peak concentration, 2.00 and 2.50 h; and half‐life, 24.08 ± 10.06 and 23.64± 6.72 h. High‐fat food significantly reduced the peak concentration of etoricoxib (p = 0.001) but had no effect on the area under the concentration–time curve.     

Development and validation of a sensitive liquid‐chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay for mycophenolic acid and metabolites in HepaRG cell culture: Characterization of metabolism interactions between p‐cresol and mycophenolic acid

Mycophenolic acid (MPA), a frequently used immunosuppressant, exhibits large inter‐patient pharmacokinetic variability. This study (a) developed and validated a sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) assay for MPA and metabolites [MPA glucuronide (MPAG) and acyl‐glucuronide (AcMPAG)] in the culture medium of HepaRG cells; and (b) characterized the metabolism interaction between MPA and p‐cresol (a common uremic toxin) in this in vitro model as a potential mechanism of pharmacokinetic variability. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a C₁₈ column (4.6 × 250 mm,5 μm) using a gradient elution with water and methanol (with 0.1% formic acid and 2 mm ammonium acetate). A dual ion source ionization mode with positive multiple reaction monitoring was utilized. Multiple reaction monitoring mass transitions (m/z) were: MPA (320.95 → 207.05), MPAG (514.10 → 303.20) and AcMPAG (514.10 → 207.05). MPA‐d₃ (323.95 → 210.15) and MPAG‐d₃ (517.00 → 306.10) were utilized as internal standards. The calibration curves were linear from 0.00467 to 3.2 μg/mL for MPA/MPAG and from 0.00467 to 0.1 μg/mL for AcMPAG. The assay was validated based on industry standards. p‐Cresol inhibited MPA glucuronidation (IC₅₀ ≈ 55 μm ) and increased MPA concentration (up to >2‐fold) at physiologically relevant substrate‐inhibitor concentrations (n = 3). Our findings suggested that fluctuations in p‐cresol concentrations might be in part responsible for the large pharmacokinetic variability observed for MPA in the clinic.