Comparison between self-reinforced composites based on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers and isotropic UHMWPE

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一种低磁矩、大功率复合稀土石榴石铁氧体的工艺和性能研究

为满足低场区几百兆赫的超大功率器件的性能要求,以钇铁石榴石铁氧体为基础,制备了一种低磁矩复合稀土石榴石铁氧体YGd CaVInIG,研究了少量Mn3+替代Fe3+和预烧温度、烧结温度对铁氧体性能和结构的影响。实验表明,以少量Mn3+替代Fe3+可以提高铁氧体电阻率,降低磁损耗和介电损耗。Mn3+掺入量以x为0.04～0.06比较合适,铁氧体最佳予烧温度为1050℃,最佳烧结温度1350～1380℃,保温5h,氧气中烧结,其性能为:4πMs=500±10%kA·m-1,ΔH=5.25～5.55kA·m-1,TC>180℃,tgδe≤0.5×10-5,这种材料适合微波低频段器件性能要求。X射线衍射分析指出,掺Mn3+的YGdCaVInIG铁氧体相变完全,呈单相复合石榴石铁氧体,空间群为I230,点阵常数1.25057～1.25101nm,单胞分子数n为7.75～7.80。     

Nanostructure evolution studies of bulk polymer materials with synchrotron radiation: progress in method development

The prospects of a modern analysis of nanostructure evolution during the processing of polymer materials by means of scattering from synchrotron radiation are demonstrated in examples. The beam sources have gained stability, shortages are located in beamline setups and in method development for the quantitative analysis of voluminous data sets.By using the proposed multidimensional chord distribution function (CDF) analysis method, nanostructure information from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data are extracted and visualised. The method can be automated if the beamline setup is able to deliver a full data set with simple constraints. In this case even a simultaneous data evaluation is possible (while one pattern is accumulated, the previous one is analysed). The advantages of the method are demonstrated in a study of the straining of a thermoplastic elastomer. The possibilities of an automated analysis are demonstrated in an investigation of the crystallisation behaviour of high-pressure injection-moulded polyethylene (HPIM-PE). The achievable results of nanostructure analysis of polymer materials are discussed. It is shown that the time-resolved SAXS of polymer materials studied during a transformation and analysed by the CDF method is not just a powerful tool to investigate the relationship between structure and properties of materials; the information that can be gained concerning the processes that control nanostructure evolution is equally important. In the future the enlightenment of such relationships may help to tailor polymer materials with respect to their properties and, beyond that, to improve assessments concerning their aging.     

Pr0.6-xNdxSr0.4FeO3-δ电极材料的光谱及性能研究

以柠檬酸-硝酸盐自蔓延燃烧法合成了ABO₃型钙钛矿结构的Pr_0.6-xNd_xSr_0.4FeO_3-δ(x=0.0～0.6)系列稀土复合氧化物粉体。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和激光共焦拉曼光谱(LRS)对产物的晶体结构进行了表征。分别采用热膨胀仪测定烧结陶瓷体的热膨胀系数(TEC)；TG-DTA记录材料的热稳定性；XRD研究阴极材料与中温电解质Sm_0.2Ce_0.8O_1.9(SDC)及La_0.8Sr_0.2Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_3-δ(LSGM)的化学相容性；SEM观察阴极/电解质复合材料的断口形貌。结果表明，该系列样品在高、低温热循环过程中化学稳定、晶型稳定；在室温至1 100 ℃范围内的平均热膨胀系数为1.16 × 10^-5 K^-1，与SDC及LSGM的热膨胀系数十分接近。阴极/电解质混合粉体1 200 ℃煅烧10 h，XRD未检测到新物质；SEM显示复合层断面界面清晰，没有相互扩散现象。该体系有望成为以SDC或LSGM为电解质的中温固体氧化物燃料电池合适的阴极材料。     

Characterization of the barrier properties of composites of HDPE and purified cellulose fibers

The present work presents and discusses the interrelation between composition, morphology, thermal history, mechanical and barrier properties to oxygen and limonene of composites of HDPE/MA-PE/cellulose fibers of significant interest in, among others, food packaging applications. From the overall results, it was observed that increasing the loading of purified alpha-cellulose fibers in the polyethylene matrix beyond 10 wt.% led to a decrease in the permeability coefficient of d-limonene, effect which was found to be primarily related to a decrease in the overall solubility of this strongly plasticizing aroma component. On the other hand, the oxygen permeability was found to decrease to a significant extend with increasing fiber content beyond 5 wt.%, but this effect was more strongly ascribed to a significant decrease in the diffusion coefficient. Therefore, the fibers are thought to generate a more tortuous path for the non-interacting gas molecules to travel across the composites thickness, even when tested at high relative humidity conditions. Optimum fiber loading levels in terms of overall property balance were found to be around 20 wt.%.     

High temperature corrosion behaviour of M(Co,Ni)CrAIY-coatings on high temperature materials-microanalytical investigations

In our former investigations, the phenomenon high temperature corrosion (HTC) was described exemplarily on selected materialcoating combinations for blades of stationary gas turbines, mainly in the temperature region of up to 750° C. To answer the question, in which manner higher gas inlet and/or higher material surface temperature would influence the HTC behaviour, a special analytical technique—the integral layer profile analysis—was introduced to ameliorate concentration profile methods. By examining IN 738 LC specimens with CoCrAlY plasma spray coating, stressed by hot gas at 900° C, the limits of this system are shown by explaining the corrosion mechanism; the method is also used for other systems, e.g. U 520 with NiCrAlY coating at 750° C.     

基于核酸探针的光学传感方法和细胞成像研究

许多疾病的特征在于各种生物分子表现出的异常活性,这些物质通常在细胞内外显示过表达现象,因此对其灵敏靶向识别可以提供诊断和治疗效用。由于基因诊疗和化学传感技术的发展,用于灵敏检测细胞内外生物化学物质的核酸探针突显优势。核酸探针可以在稳定进入细胞的同时,特异性地结合目标物质,通过光学方法检测或通过成像技术标识出来。本文综述了采用光学传感方法和成像技术,基于核酸探针检测生物分子的新进展。根据检测对象进行分类,概括分析了几个代表性体系:核酸序列、蛋白质和酶、化学物质和物理化学条件,并详细阐述其关键设计原理、灵敏度及样品检测等结果,同时指出了各类核酸探针的优缺点。     

液晶光定向层材料

本文综述了近10年来液晶显示用光定向层材料领域的研究现状和进展情况，主要概述了光降解型、光致异构型、光交联型以及自组装等材料，并对目前报道的液晶光定向机理进行了总结和归纳。     

Traceable measurements in clinical laboratories

 Reliable, traceable and comparable measurements provide the rational basis for evaluation of the quality of a result and the starting point for recognized laboratory accreditation in any national area. Modern medical diagnostics and treatment involve rapidly rising numbers and types of clinical laboratory measurements, that are reliable. Therefore, the basic principles to be followed to assure the traceability of clinical measurements as required by the Romanian Laws of Metrology are reviewed. Main sources affecting the quality of the unbroken chain of calibrations that relate the measurements back to appropriate measurement standards are discussed. Examples of how to achieve traceable measurements in clinical laboratories are presented. Details of specific uses of reference materials, measuring instruments and standard measurement methods are also discussed. Received: 8 January 1998 · Accepted: 21 April 1998     

混合稀土对ZL108铝合金组织与性能的影响

对稀土处理前后的ZL108合金进行了机械性能测试和断口分析, 表明稀土处理有利于提高合金的塑性和强度. 对稀土处理前后合金中氢总量进行了分析, 未加稀土的合金内氢总量与稀土处理后的合金相当, 结合性能与断口形态, 从侧面表明稀土改变了氢的存在形式.