基于物联网的微车后桥数字制造关键技术研究与应用

通过在物联网环境下对微车后桥的数字制造技术进行全面的分析和关键技术开发,包括对汽车后桥装配、制造的数字化技术研发、汽车后桥数字化检测技术的研发、汽车后桥车间物流信息管理系统的研发.实现物联网环境下的微车后桥的全数字制造.     

基于“钉床型”飞片的斜波加载技术及应用

为了实现斜波加载,设计了一种“钉床型”广义波阻抗梯度飞片,即在基座上密排叠加许多小圆锥,简称“钉床型”飞片。该飞片采用激光选区熔化金属增材制造技术进行制备。利用一级轻气炮加载装置和全光纤激光位移干涉测试系统,开展不同工况下“钉床型”飞片高速击靶压缩实验和层裂实验,重点讨论小圆锥高度和撞击速度对斜波压缩加载波形的影响规律,以及斜波加载对不锈钢靶板层裂特性的影响。实验结果显示:（1）“钉床型”飞片对靶板产生的压缩是逐步的,从自由面速度剖面上观察到压缩波上升前沿时间被显著延长,形成了斜波波阵面,明显不同于冲击压缩的陡峭波阵面;（2）在飞片击靶速度近似恒定条件下,斜波波阵面的上升沿时间、平台速度峰值都明显依赖于“钉床型”飞片上的小圆锥高度,随着小圆锥高度增大,上升沿时间呈线性增大,而平台速度峰值呈线性减小;（3）在“钉床型”飞片的几何尺寸保持不变的条件下,斜波波阵面的上升沿时间随着飞片击靶速度的增大而线性减小,平台速度峰值则线性增大;（4）与冲击加载相比,“钉床型”飞片产生的斜波加载不会对材料的层裂强度产生明显影响,但对材料内部损伤演化速率有一定的影响。     

Large-area fabrication: The next target of perovskite light-emitting diodes

Perovskite materials show exciting potential for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to their intrinsically high photoluminescence efficiency and color purity. The research focusing on perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) has experienced an exponential growth in the past six years. The maximum external quantum efficiency of red, green, and blue PeLEDs has surpassed 20%, 20%, and 10%, respectively. Nevertheless, the current PeLEDs are still in the laboratory stage, and the key for further development of PeLEDs is large-area fabrication. In this paper, we briefly discuss the similarities and differences between manufacturing high-quality and large-area PeLEDs and perovskite solar cells. Especially, the general technologies for fabricating large-area perovskite films are also introduced. The effect of charge transport layers and electrodes on large-area devices are discussed as well. Most importantly, we summarize the advances of large-area (active area ≥ 30 mm²) PeLEDs reported since 2017, and describe the methods for optimizing large-area PeLEDs reported in the literature. Finally, the development perspective of PeLEDs is presented for the goal of highly efficient and large-area PeLED fabrication. It is of great significance for the application of PeLEDs in future display and lighting.     

13C solid-state NMR complemented by ATR-FTIR and micro-DSC to study modern collagen-based material and historical leather

Ancient vegetable tanned leathers and parchments are very complex materials in which both different manufacturing and deterioration processes make their study and chemical characterisation difficult. In this research, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was applied to identify different tannin families (condensed and hydrolysable) in historical leather objects such as bookbindings, wall upholsters, footwear and accessories, and military apparel. Furthermore, leather deterioration with special focus on collagen gelatinisation was investigated. A comparison with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and micro-differential scanning calorimetry (micro-DSC) was also performed to support the ¹³C CP-MAS NMR findings and to point out the advantages and limitations of solid-state NMR in analysing historical and archaeological leathers. A wide database of NMR and FTIR spectra of commercial tannins compounds was also collected in order to characterise historical and archaeological leathers.     

基于模糊数的政府与绿色制造商博弈分析

近年来环境问题已经成为人们迫切需要解决的重要问题,促使制造商采取绿色制造模式也是各国政府正在面临的一大难题。因此文章结合三角模糊数与博弈理论建立了政府与绿色制造商的模糊博弈模型,将博弈结果分为纯策略和混合策略两类,并讨论了各种情形下政府与绿色制造商的不同策略以及影响因素,分析了最优博弈结果以及相应的管理策略,为绿色制造模式的顺利实施提供了相关建议。研究结果表明,政府的补贴和惩罚等策略在绿色制造模式的采取方面起着举足轻重的作用。最后利用三角结构元法对算例分纯策略和混合策略两种情况进行分析求解,从而验证了结论的正确性和可行性。     

全钒液流电池的隔膜研究与应用

研究全钒液流电池的质子传导膜制备过程,提出高分子亲水/疏水相互作用诱导溶液相分离的成膜原理,进行制膜工艺放大,满足全钒液流电池的电堆制造与储能工程应用需要. 突破现有“离子交换”传质机理的限制,利用电解液中不同价态钒离子与氢离子相比,存在体积和荷电量的差异,通过离子“筛分”和“静电排斥”效应进行离子选择性渗透. 制成孔径分布在4 ~ 7 nm的聚偏氟乙烯质子传导膜,电导率为3.5×10-2 S•cm^-1,爆破强度高于0.3 MPa,面积800 mm × 900 mm. 利用扩散实验测定膜对H⁺/VO²⁺离子选择性,选择性系数达到306. 利用该质子传导膜组装的15 kW电堆,充电/放电循环性能稳定,电流密度达到100 mA•cm^-2,在700多个循环过程电流效率为93%,能量效率超过72%,具备产业化应用前景.     

电子标准电池的设计与制作

介绍了自制电子标准电池的设计思想及有关参数。     

Er-Yb共掺双包层光纤的研制

报道了溶液掺杂法制备Er-Yb共掺双包层光纤的技术.采用改进的化学汽相沉积研制工艺,制作了SiO2-P2O5-F的光纤阻挡层和SiO2-GeO2-P2O5的疏松芯层,利用疏松芯层在YbCl3、ErCl3溶液中的浸泡吸收作用,成功研制出Er、Yb离子浓度比分别为1∶13和1∶8两个光纤样品,其中样品2在976 nm泵浦波长处的有效吸收系数最大达到2 dB/m,分析和讨论了光纤的损耗谱和荧光特性.     

Biological monitoring of arsenic in semiconductor workers

In the manufacture of integrated circuits involving semiconductors, various hazardous materials including arsenic compounds are used. This paper present an evaluation of the biological monitoring of arsenic in the urine, blood and hair of semiconductor workers. Eighty-two blood samples were obtained from research and development workers in a semiconductor factory. Thirty-one samples of urine were obtained from the same group of worker before and after a work period (one shift). Seventy-three hair samples were similarly obtained from the workers. The concentration of arsenic in each sample was determined by arsine (AsH₃) generation flame atomic absorption spectrometry after wet ashing of the sample. The mean concentration of arsenic in hair in these semiconductor workers was significantly higher than that of controls. The mean concentration of arsenic in hair from workers with a longer employment duration was higher than from those with a shorter employment duration. The mean concentration of arsenic in hair from workers engaged in epitaxial growth processes was higher than from workers engaged in other processes. The concentrations of arsenic in hair from semiconductor workers correlated with the duration of their employment. The mean concentration of arsenic in urine before a work a period (shift) was not significantly different from that of controls. The mean concentration of arsenic in urine after a work period was in fact lower than that of controls. The mean concentration of arsenic in blood was not significantly different from that of controls. The determination of arsenic in hair is therefore considered useful for the evaluation of relatively long-term exposure to arsenic in semiconductor workers.     

金属增材制件的超声无损检测与评价研究进展

金属增材制件在航空航天、核电等高端领域应用日益广泛,及时获取缺陷和微观组织结构信息,对改进制造过程、保证产品质量和相关设备的安全稳定运行具有重要意义。然而,特殊的制造工艺导致金属增材制件内部晶粒粗大,组织各向异性复杂,声波衰减严重,给超声检测带来了很大挑战。该文简要梳理了金属增材制造过程中常见的缺陷类型和成型件微观组织结构特征;从传统水浸式超声检测、相控阵超声检测和激光超声检测3个方面,重点论述了超声检测技术在金属增材制件缺陷检测领域的应用现状;提出基于超声检测技术无损评价金属增材制件微观组织结构和力学性能的原理以及评价模型建立方法,并对相关重难点做了阐述;最后总结了超声无损检测技术在金属增材制件质量评价领域应用中面临的挑战和发展趋势,并对未来应重点关注的研究方向给出建议。