南通市1118例患儿发锌、铅含量与分析

为了解南通市患儿体内微量元素锌、铅含量及其关系,采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法对1 118例发锌、铅进行了检测分析,按性别、年龄做了锌、铅的相关分析。结果表明,缺锌率为77.91%;铅含量均在正常范围内;南通市患儿锌、铅的x-±s分别为(83.6±24.8)、(1.4±0.7)μg/g;低锌和低铅污染无负相关关系。     

2001—2005中国各省(市)燃煤大气铅排放量估算

首次估算了中国各省(市)燃煤大气铅排放量和铅排放强度。结果表明,在2001—2005年,山西、湖北、山东、河北、河南的燃煤铅排量均超过3 000 t,各省(市)共向大气排铅5.9万t,年平均增长速度达14.5%。燃煤大气铅排放强度与儿童铅中毒率之间存在复杂的相关关系,在人口铅排强度低于0.5 t/万人的省(市),两者呈显著负相关关系;而在人口铅排强度超过0.6 t/万人的省(市),两者呈极显著正相关关系。     

ICP-AES测定陶瓷器皿中微量溶出铅、镉的研究

用4%乙酸溶液萃取分离日用瓷表面微量溶出元素Pb和Cd后,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法进行了分析,对影响其测量的各种因素进行了较详细的研究,确定了实验的最佳测定条件。结果表明,方法的检出限为0.023(Pb)和0.006μg/L(Cd),回收率为98.0%~104.0%,RSD小于3.5%。该法准确、快速、简便,应用于日用瓷中的微量溶出铅、镉的测定,结果满意。     

2003-2007年中国儿童铅中毒率的分析研究——发铅检测结果

通过计算机检索收集了2003—2007年间公开发表的、关于儿童发铅水平和铅中毒率的中文文献,对涉及8省16万人作了调查分析。结果表明,近5年内中国儿童的平均发铅水平为7.5μg/g,铅中毒率平均为27.5%,与同一时期血铅检测结果一致。     

Microchemical Investigation of Archaeological Copper Based Artefacts Disclosing an Ancient Witness of the Transition from the Value of the Substance to the Value of the Appearance

In many Italian archaeological sites dated between the sixth and third centuries BC, unworked lumps of Cu-based materials are sometimes found, the so called Aes Rude, which according to archaeological considerations were appreciated as currency, as a medium of exchange and as a form of saving. The microchemical investigation of these ancient artefacts discloses their nature as apparently not usable for any functional applications or possible use. Indeed, Aes Rude resemble ordinary copper material, but microchemical results indicate that they are constituted by highly ferruginous leaded copper, making them useless for producing other metal objects by means of casting or hot and cold working. Notwithstanding this intrinsic negative feature, the production of these intractable Cu-based alloys was deliberately carried out to maximise the process yield in terms of produced metal from an impure and unselected metal ore by tailoring the smelting process parameters. With these considerations in mind, the microchemical investigation of these ancient iron–copper alloys gives evidence of the passage from the acceptance of an artefact value based on its true nature or potential use to the acceptance of the value based only on its appearance or form irrespective of its present or future use. This information could contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of human thought and economic and social interactions.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铅锌混合精矿中高含量的银

建立了以硝酸-硫酸溶样,在碱性介质中用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铅锌混合精矿中高含量银的分析方法对硫酸用量、碱性介质的浓度、干扰离子等进行了探讨在0～4μg/mL范围内,银含量与吸光度呈线性关系,相关系数为0．9993加标回收率为98．78％～102．56％,测量结果的相对标准偏差小于2．0％,测定范围为500～3000g/t。     

Application of Graphite-Epoxy Composite Electrodes in Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry of Heavy Metals

An analytical study on the use of graphite-epoxy composite (GEC) electrodes for differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) of heavy metals is presented. This study is accompanied by microscopic observations of the electrode surface before and after the stripping step in comparison to glassy carbon electrode. GEC electrodes show much better accumulation properties and consequently acceptable behaviour which makes them suitable as working electrodes in the DPASV of heavy metals. Lead determination in real water samples in a batch system as well as some preliminary results in a flow-through system are presented. The detection limits in batch measurements were 100ppb for Cd, 10pb for lead and 50ppb for copper. The detection limit for lead in the flow-through system was similar to that in the batch. The results obtained show that these low cost and easy to prepare materials can be of interest in future research concerning stripping techniques of heavy metals and other analytes.     

Self-templated synthesis of single-crystal and single-domain ferroelectric nanoplates

Free-standing single-crystal PbTiO(3) nanoplates were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. A "self-templated" crystal growth is presumed to lead to the formation of the PbTiO(3) nanoplates, which have ferroelectric single-domain structures, whose polarization areas can be manipulated by writing and reading. The nanoplates are also effective catalysts for the oxidation of carbon monoxide.     

铅在铂电极上的还原电位溶出分析法

研究了以亚铁氰化钾为还原剂铅在铂电极上的还原电位溶出法；讨论了电极的预处理、阳极富集和随后的还原电位溶出及铅测定的干扰。