二价铅离子与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的荧光光谱研究

用荧光法研究了二价铅离子与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用,测定了不同条件下pb2+与BSA作用的荧光光谱,并通过热力学计算探讨了二者的作用方式、BSA荧光的猝灭机理、Pb2+与BSA之间的结合常数及结合位点.结果表明,Pb2+对BSA的荧光猝灭属于静态猝灭,pb2+通过疏水作用力进入BSA的疏水腔与之发生相互作用,反应的△G=...     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定浓缩果汁中的18种多酚物质

建立了浓缩果汁中18种多酚物质的超高效液相色谱(UPLC)-串联质谱(MS/MS)检测方法.样品经水稀释,HLB固相萃取净化,浓缩蒸干后用甲醇和0.1%甲酸定容.采用Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (1.7μm ×2.1 mm ×50 mm)色谱柱分离,以甲醇和0.1%甲酸为流动相,在0.3 ml,·min-...     

消渴丸中重金属铅和砷的含量测定

样品湿法消解后用石墨炉原子吸收法测定了消渴丸中铅含量,用原子荧光法测定了砷含量.结果表明,消渴丸中重金属铅含量在0.23～0.55 mg·kg- 1之间;砷含量在0.55～1.09 mg·kg- 1之间;本法测定消渴丸中重金属铅的平均回收率为96.6%,砷的平均回收率为108.4%,说明该法可用于消渴丸中铅和砷的测定,...     

原子荧光法测定食品中铅的介质酸度控制数学模型

构建了采用原子荧光法测定食品中铅含量时控制反应介质酸度的数学模型,根据该数学模型可以协调样品及载流中盐酸的体积分数、硼氢化钾的质量浓度、还原剂中氢氧化钾的质量浓度等反应介质的重要参数,保证铅烷发生的效率。采用该数学模型对2010年度国际弗帕斯（FAPAS）考核样品（辣椒粉）和国家标准物质（茶叶GBWl0016和灌木枝叶GBW07602）中的铅含量进行了测试,测定值的回收率介于98．9％～109．4％之间,取得满意结果,表明该模型可以指导实际应用。     

Are there phase transitions in liquid metallic alloys?

Recently, resistivity measurements of some liquid metals and metallic alloys have been obtained using an electrode technique. A marked change of the slope of the resistivity versus temperature has been observed following the history of the alloy in the liquid state and the authors conclude that there are “structural transitions in the melt”. It is of interest to examine such effects and to try to understand their origin. In this work, the resistivities of several liquid metals and metallic alloys were measured as a function of temperature. Particular attention was given to the history of the alloy, including solidification and melting conditions. We also observed “anomalies”. Our experiments lead us to conclude that they must very probably be attributed to the release of gas or vapour bubbles in the liquid alloy at the first heating, resulting from the decomposition of compounds like oxides or hydroxides of the metals, but not from a phase transition in the liquid metallic state involving “breaking” Sn–Sn covalent bands.     

Transport properties of lead phosphate glass doped by cobalt,vanadium and chromium oxides

The electrical transport properties were investigated of a glass system of basic composition 50?mol. % Pb₃O₄–50?mol. % P₂O₅ containing CoO, Cr₂O₃ or V₂O₅ dopanys. The ac conductivity and the thermoelectric power were measured as a function of temperature. Properties such as dielectric constant, loss factor tangent and electrical conductivity are reported in the frequency range 200?Hz–100?kHz and temperature range 300–450?K. The variation in electrical conductivity with temperature was found to depend on the types of transition metal ions involved. The temperature dependence of the frequency exponent, s, was analyzed using different theoretical models. The variation of the thermoelectric power with temperature indicated the presence of more than one conduction mechanism for the investigated samples. This result was confirmed with the results of the dielectric properties at different frequencies. The introduction of cobalt ions in glass formers improves the electrical properties of non-crystalline ionic conductors.     

Fahrbare Strahlenschutzwände

Verschiebbare und fahrbare Strahlenschutzwände für radiochemische Laboratorien werden von verschiedenen Firmen hergestellt. Für unscr Laboratoriumsgebäude ließen wir in den eigenen Werkstätten vierrädrige Gestellezur Aufnahmevon Strahlenschutzwänden aus Bleibausteinen herstellen (vgl. Abb. 1), um folgende Vorteile zu erreichen:

1. Bei Versuchen, die einen häufigen Wechsel von Prüflingen oder Anderungen des Aufbaues erfordern, ist eine bewegliche Wand zu bevorzugen. Bewegliche Bleiwände auf Schienen oder hängend, aber raumgebunden, sind finanziell sehr aufwendig und meist nur in einer Richtung veränderlich. Die von uns gebaute Schutzwand ist mit 2 festen und 2 beweglichen Rollenböcken versehen, so daß alle Richtungen befahren werden können.

2. Da Arbeiten mit γ-Strahlern häufig in den verschiedenen Raumen zeitlich verschoben ausgeführt werden, kann eine fahrbare Schutzwand für mehrere Versuchsaufbauten eingesetzt werden, so daß Abschirmmaterial eingespart wird.

3. Viele unserer Versuchseinrichtungen würden den Bau starrer Gestelle für die Aufnahme von Bleiwänden erfordern, was bei nur für kurze Zeit benotigten Versuchsaufbauten unrentabel wäre; die fahrbare Bleiwand ermoglicht auch hier Einsparungen.

4. Der Umbau einer Wand (Einsetzen von Fenstern, Manipulatoren, Öffnungen für Stulpenhandschuhe) läßt sich leicht ausführen, weil man sie in eine allseitig zugängliche Position fahren kann.

5. Durch die Stützung auf 4 Räder mit verhältnismäßig großem Abstand wird eine günstige Lastverteilung hinsichtlich Bodenbelastung erreicht.     

ICP-MS determination of lead isotope ratios in legal and counterfeit cigarette tobacco samples

A method for the determination of Pb isotope ratios (IR) in cigarette tobacco by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) has been developed and applied to tobacco samples from genuine and counterfeit cigarettes obtained in the USA. The IR ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb were measured using a Q-ICP-MS instrument. Two certified reference materials, grown in the USA and Bulgaria, were also analysed for comparison with the tobacco samples, as were tobacco samples from cigarettes obtained in Pakistan and China. The precision of the results was sufficient to distinguish between the counterfeit and genuine USA cigarettes. All of the genuine cigarettes and both reference materials, grown in different regions, were statistically distinct based on the measured ratios. The counterfeit cigarettes were indistinguishable from the reference material grown in Bulgaria. The technique shows promise as a method for identifying counterfeit cigarettes, possibly determining the source region.     

Isotope Abundance Ratios of Sr In Wine Provenance Determinations,in A Tree-Root Activity Study,and Of Pb in A Pollution Study on Tree-Rings

Abstract

In this contribution, the various and fundamentally different uses and applications of isotope signatures (of both heavy and light elements) are discussed. Examples are given for the successful use of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr in uncovering fraud in wine trade. Also, in an experiment related to “Waldsterben”, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr analyses reveal rather unexpected responses of spruces and maple-trees to mechanical damage of their roots. In another study, from ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb (and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁷Pb) analyses of tree growth-rings it is demonstrated that they do not accurately record lead burdens in the environment. This is contrary to current views on the subject of tree-rings as reliable banks of past heavy metal pollutions of the biosphere. Furthermore, new perspectives of applications of isotopes in biological tissues, including those of cosmogenic and nucleogenic origin will be shortly outlined.     

Investigation of the local structure of Cu2+ ions doped in alkali lead tetraborate glasses by their electron paramagnetic resonance and optical spectra

The local structure of the Cu²⁺ centers in alkali lead tetraborate glasses was theoretically studied based on the optical spectra data and high-order perturbation formulas of the spin Hamiltonian parameters (electron paramagnetic resonance g factors g_∥, g_⊥ and hyperfine structure constants A_∥, A_⊥) for a 3d⁹ ion in a tetragonally elongated octahedron. In these formulas, the relative axial elongation of the ligand O^2? octahedron around the Cu²⁺ due to the Jahn–Teller effect is taken into account by considering the contributions to the g factors from the tetragonal distortion which is characterized by the tetragonal crystal-field parameters Ds and Dt. From the calculations, the ligand O^2? octahedral around Cu²⁺ is determined to suffer about 19.2% relative elongation along the C₄ axis of the alkali lead tetraborate glass system, and a negative sign for A_∥ and a positive sign for A_⊥ for these Cu²⁺ centers are suggested in the discussion.