层状复合氧化物La~4BaCu~5~-~xMn~xO~1~2的表征及在催化消除NO中活性的研究

采用柠檬酸配合法合成了结构呈层状ABO~3的La~4BaCu~5O~1~2复合氧化物, 并以它为基体合成了一系列Mn取代Cu的样品(La~4BaCu~5~-~xMn~xO~1~2, x=1-5)并利用XRD, IR进行了结构表征, 结果表明其均为5层的ABO~3结构。利用H~2-TPR考查了掺杂Mn以后样品的氧化还原性能的变化, 发现由于Mn的掺杂使Cu明显的容易还原。还考查了样品对NO+CO反应的催化活性, 结果表明反应的活性中心是Cu离子,但加入适量的Mn离子可以使活性提高。     

Sr2Bi4Ti5O18的压致结构相变

 使用4∶1的甲醇-乙醇混合液作传压介质,利用金刚石对顶砧装置（DAC）,研究了层状铁电体Sr₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈的在位高压拉曼光谱和压致结构相变（0～27 GPa）。发现在8.31 GPa,Sr₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈经历了一次结构相交。在23.13 GPa以上,Sr₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈似乎出现了压致非晶相交的先兆。并使用内模方法对Sr₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈的内模进行了指认。     

氧化硅柱层状镧钛酸盐的制备和表征

本文报道通过先用正己胺盐酸盐水溶液与K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀发生离子交换得到正己铵离子柱撑的层状镧钛酸盐,然后再与氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷的正八面体多聚体作用,最后将层间的有机物焙烧分解掉后可得新型氧化硅柱层状镧钛酸盐。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、差热--热重分析(TG/DTA)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和比表面测定等方法对该新材料进行了表征。结果表明,所得氧化硅柱层状镧钛酸盐具有很高的热稳定性(>800℃)     

双臂胆甾醇酯型氮杂冠醚化合物的LB膜研究

研究了含有双臂胆甾基的氮杂冠醚化合物的单分子膜成膜特性,测试了其LB膜的吸收光谱和小角X-射线衍射谱。结果表明,这种化合物成膜性能和转移性能比单臂的胆甾基氮杂冠醚化合物好。结合CPK原子模型,推测了该分子在膜中的取向和构型。     

非均质流固耦合介质轴对称动力问题时域解

将地基视为流固两相介质并考虑其非均质成层特性,推导了多层地基动力问题时域解．文中首先建立了一组解耦的两相介质动力控制方程;而后利用Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ－Ｈａｎｋｅｌ变换推导了单层地基象空间初参数解答;再利用初参数法及传递矩阵技术导出了任意多层地基瞬态解的一般解析算式．本文获得的解答可方便地退化为现有理想弹性介质的解答     

层状弹性半空间非轴对称动力问题的奇异解

在柱坐标系下,利用关于方位角的Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ变换及关于径向的Ｈａｎｋｅｌ变换,将弹性力学基本方程组转化为非齐次的一阶常微分方程组的标准形式．采用求解微分方程组的矩阵法,建立了介质层的传递矩阵．由层间完全接触条件,导出了在任意埋藏源作用下层状弹性半空间频域奇异解,时域奇异解可通过关于频率的Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ积分得到．该方法可应用到固体、流体层的情况     

层状弹性半空间轴对称动力问题的奇异解

本文利用Laplace-Hankel联合变换及传播矩阵技术导出了任意层数的层状弹性半空间轴对称动力问题时域奇异解的一般解析表达式,并给出了奇异解数值化实施的计算方法。文末的实例计算表明了本文给出解答的正确性以及数值化实施的可靠性,从而为进一步用边界元法直接解决由于层状介质而引起的非匀质动力问题开拓了一条潜在的途径。     

层状金属氧化物的固相合成及性质研究

许多具有层状结构的物质只在二维方向上存在强的化学键,相邻层之间以范德华力、氢键及静电等较弱的力结合.目前,交联粘土的研究正是致力于以交换或插入方法扩大层间距,增大表面积来制备大孔分子筛以满足大直径有机分子的催化、吸附等应用要求.但是,交联粘土的热稳定性较差,很难适应于工业生产对催化剂的要求,为此,对层状原料的开发研究得到人们的普遍重视.本研究利用固相反应,以适当的金属盐和氧化物为原料,经过高温焙烧制备出性能优良的层状金属氧化物.     

铁基多相助催化剂光电化学水氧化研究进展

The use of fossil fuels has caused serious environmental problems such as air pollution and the greenhouse effect. Moreover, because fossil fuels are a non-renewable energy source, they cannot meet the continuously increasing demand for energy. Therefore, the development of clean and renewable energy sources is necessitated. Hydrogen energy is a clean, non-polluting renewable energy source that can ease the energy pressure of the whole society. The sunlight received by the Earth is 1.7× 10¹⁴ J in 1 s, which far exceeds the total energy consumption of humans in one year. Therefore, conversion of solar energy to valuable hydrogen energy is of significance for reducing the dependence on fossil fuels. Since Fujishima and Honda first reported on TiO₂ in 1972, it has been discovered that semiconductors can generate clean, pollution-free hydrogen through water splitting driven by electricity or light. Hydrogen generated through this approach can not only replace fossil fuels but also provide environmentally friendly renewable hydrogen energy, which has attracted considerable attention. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting can use solar energy to produce clean, sustainable hydrogen energy. Because the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) over a photoanode is sluggish, the overall energy conversion efficiency is considerably low, limiting the practical application of PEC water splitting. A cocatalyst is, thus, necessary to improve PEC water splitting performance. So far, the synthesis of first-row transition-metal-based (e.g., Fe, Co, Ni, and Mn) cocatalysts has been intensively studied. Iron is earth-abundant and less toxic than other transition metals, making it a good cocatalyst. In addition, iron-based compounds exhibit the properties of a semiconductor/metal and have unique electronic structures, which can improve electrical conductivity and water adsorption. Various iron-based catalysts with high activity have been designed to improve the efficiency of PEC water oxidation. This article briefly summarizes the research progress related to the structure, synthesis, and application of iron oxyhydroxides, iron-based layered double hydroxides, and iron-based perovskites and discusses the evaluation of the performance of these cocatalysts toward photoelectrochemical water oxidation.