服役温度对多壁碳纳米管/Li1.18Ni0.15Co0.15Mn0.52O2复合正极材料性能的影响

通过煅烧的方式制得多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)质量分数为3%的MWCNT/Li1.18Ni0.15Co0.15Mn0.52O2锂离子电池复合正极材料,并测试了复合正极材料在不同服役温度环境下的电化学性能:-20和60℃下服役时,其放电容量分别高达169、303 mAh·g^-1,且展示出良好的倍率性能和循环稳定性。结合电化学阻抗测试结果可知,MWCNT均匀附着在层状粒子的表面,有效减少了电解液对电极材料的侵蚀,阻碍了表面膜的生成,同时提高了材料的电子电导率。     

Single‐Layered Ultrasmall Nanoplates of MoS2 Embedded in Carbon Nanofibers with Excellent Electrochemical Performance for Lithium and Sodium Storage

The preparation and electrochemical storage behavior of MoS₂ nanodots—more precisely single‐layered ultrasmall nanoplates—embedded in carbon nanowires has been studied. The preparation is achieved by an electrospinning process that can be easily scaled up. The rate performance and cycling stability of both lithium and sodium storage were found to be outstanding. The storage behavior is, moreover, highly exciting from a fundamental point of view, as the differences between the usual storage modes—insertion, conversion, interfacial storage—are beneficially blurred. The restriction to ultrasmall reaction domains allows for an almost diffusion‐less and nucleation‐free “conversion”, thereby resulting in a high capacity and a remarkable cycling performance.     

Telluride Misfit Layer Compounds: [(PbTe)1.17]m(TiTe2)n

Telluride misfit layer compounds are reported for the first time. These compounds were synthesized using a novel approach of structurally designing a precursor that would form the desired product upon low‐temperature annealing, which allows the synthesis of kinetically stable products that do not appear on the equilibrium phase diagram. Four new compounds of the [(PbTe)_1.17]_m(TiTe₂)_n family are reported, and their structures were examined by a variety of X‐ray diffraction techniques.     

甲氨蝶呤/层状双金属氢氧化物的性能调控及细胞生物实验研究

在乙醇-水混合体系中,以氨水为沉淀剂共沉淀合成了甲氨蝶呤/层状双金属氢氧化物(MTX/LDH)纳米复合物,采用控制水热处理时间的方式来调控其性能。利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和红外光谱(FT-IR)等表征手段,对其结构及形貌进行了表征。研究表明:MTX分子以单层倾斜或垂直方式插入LDH层间,随着水热处理时间的不同,MTX在层间的倾斜角度发生了变化;水热处理时间对产物的结晶度、粒径和层间排列方式都有影响,当水热处理时间为12h时,得到的MTX/LDH纳米复合物的结晶度最高,单分散性最好。在磷酸缓冲液中考察了MTX/LDH纳米复合物的缓释性能,结果表明样品均呈现出良好的缓释性能,释放速率先快后慢。重点考察了这几种MTX/LDH纳米复合物作用于肺癌细胞A549的细胞生物实验,研究表明这几种复合物对肺癌细胞A549都具有良好的抑制作用,其效果与纳米复合物的单分散性和粒径有密切的关系,单分散性越好,粒径分布越均匀,对A549癌细胞的抑制效果越好。     

Origin of pressure-induced insulator-to-metal transition in the van der Waals compound FePS3 from first-principles calculations

Pressure-induced insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) has been studied in the van der Waals compound iron thiophosphate (FePS₃) using first-principles calculations within the periodic linear combination of atomic orbitals method with hybrid Hartree–Fock-DFT B3LYP functional. Our calculations reproduce correctly the IMT at ∼15 GPa, which is accompanied by a reduction of the unit cell volume and of the vdW gap. We found from the detailed analysis of the projected density of states that the 3p states of phosphorus atoms contribute significantly at the bottom of the conduction band. As a result, the collapse of the band gap occurs due to changes in the electronic structure of FePS₃ induced by relative displacements of phosphorus or sulfur atoms along the c-axis direction under pressure.     

二维纳米片层孔洞化策略及组装材料在超级电容器中的应用

功率密度高、倍率性能优异和循环性能好等特性使得超级电容器在储能领域显示了巨大的应用前景。尽管二维层状材料剥离形成的纳米片层不仅可为电化学反应提供独特的纳米级反应空间,而且由其组装的层状纳米电极材料具有化学和结构上的氧化还原可逆性及纳米片层水平方向上离子或电子快速传输通道。但是,纳米片层组装电极材料在纳米片层垂直方向上离子或电子传输存在障碍,对于超级电容器功率密度和能量密度的提高及实现快速能量储存非常不利。因此,如何通过改善离子或电子的快速传输,实现超级电容器大功率密度下的高能量密度是超级电容器电极材料发展的方向之一。本文主要综述了二维层状材料剥离成纳米片层,纳米片层孔洞化策略及组装孔洞化材料在超级电容器电极材料中的应用。纳米层孔洞化技术是改善层状电极材料在纳米片层垂直方向离子或电子传输的有效手段,为实现高比电容下的高倍率性能超级电容器电极材料制备提供了方法学。最后,对开发大功率密度下的高能量密度超级电容器电极材料提出了展望。     

CdS@g-C3N4复合核壳纳米微粒的制备与光催化性能

采用水热法,在乙二胺和EDTA-2Na作用下,成功制备了CdS@g-C3N4复合核壳纳米微粒,并探讨了其生长机理。结果显示:CdS@g-C3N4复合核壳纳米微粒的比表面积是纯CdS纳米颗粒的14.0倍,具有良好的光催化活性和光稳定性。当反应条件为180℃、4 h、CdS/g-C3N4质量比1.9∶1时,CdS@g-C3N4的可见光催化性能最好,300 W氙灯光照2 h,RhB的降解率达95.2%,明显高于纯CdS。重复使用3次后,CdS@g-C3N4形貌、结构及光催化性能无明显变化。     

氮掺杂HTi2NbO7纳米片的制备及其可见光催化性能

首先,采用高温固相法制备层状前驱体CsTi_2NbO_7,再通过与硝酸进行质子交换形成层状HTi_2NbO_7;其次,在四丁基氢氧化铵(TBAOH)中剥离层状HTi_2NbO_7以获得HTi_2NbO_7纳米片;然后与尿素混合并高温焙烧;最后成功地得到了氮掺杂的HTi_2NbO_7纳米片光催化剂。使用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis DRS)以及N_2吸附-脱附测试等方式对所制备样品的晶体结构、形貌、比表面积、孔分布和光吸收能力等进行详细的表征。研究表明,氮掺杂后减小了HTi_2NbO_7的禁带宽度,从而使光响应范围扩展到可见光区域;掺杂的氮原子主要位于Ti_2NbO_7-薄片的间隙位置,并与氢离子化学键合;与N掺杂的层状HTi_2NbO_7相比,N掺杂的HTi_2NbO_7纳米片具有更大的比表面积和更丰富的介孔结构,这是由于钛铌酸纳米片相对松散且不规则的排列。因此,在降解罗丹明B(RhB)溶液时,N掺杂的HTi_2NbO_7纳米片比N掺杂的层状HTi_2NbO_7具有更加优异的可见光催化活性。     

A Factorial Design Approach for Hydrothermal Synthesis of Phase‐Pure AgInO2: A Parametric Optimization Study

Owing to a wide range of industrial applications and fundamental importance, delafossite compounds have gathered tremendous interest in research community. In this study, the formation of hexagonal nanoplates of AgInO₂ mainly dominated by (00l) facets with no metallic Ag impurity, reported using a facile hydrothermal route at 180 °C using KOH as mineralizer by adopting a factorial design approach. Rietveld analysis of the powder XRD pattern and SAED confirms the rhombohedral system of AgInO₂. FE‐SEM image shows a uniform hexagonal plate‐like morphology with an average width of about 300 nm and thickness of 70 nm. XPS and EDX analysis confirm potassium ion free AgInO₂. A specific surface area of about 48.5 m² g^?1 is arrived from N₂ adsorption studies. Temperature‐dependent AC impedance measurements revealed an activation energy of 0.24 eV/f.u. Further, TG‐DTA studies found that the compound is stable in air up to 595 °C.     

High Compression‐Induced Conductivity in a Layered Cu–Br Perovskite

We show that the onset pressure for appreciable conductivity in layered copper‐halide perovskites can decrease by ca. 50 GPa upon replacement of Cl with Br. Layered Cu–Cl perovskites require pressures >50 GPa to show a conductivity of 10^?4 S cm^?1, whereas here a Cu–Br congener, (EA)₂CuBr₄ (EA=ethylammonium), exhibits conductivity as high as 2×10^?3 S cm^?1 at only 2.6 GPa, and 0.17 S cm^?1 at 59 GPa. Substitution of higher‐energy Br 4p for Cl 3p orbitals lowers the charge‐transfer band gap of the perovskite by 0.9 eV. This 1.7 eV band gap decreases to 0.3 eV at 65 GPa. High‐pressure X‐ray diffraction, optical absorption, and transport measurements, and density functional theory calculations allow us to track compression‐induced structural and electronic changes. The notable enhancement of the Br perovskite's electronic response to pressure may be attributed to more diffuse Br valence orbitals relative to Cl orbitals. This work brings the compression‐induced conductivity of Cu‐halide perovskites to more technologically accessible pressures.