Activation of the Nrf2 Pathway as a Therapeutic Strategy for ALS Treatment

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive and fatal disease that causes motoneurons degeneration and functional impairment of voluntary muscles, with limited and poorly efficient therapies. Alterations in the Nrf2-ARE pathway are associated with ALS pathology and result in aberrant oxidative stress, making the stimulation of the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response a promising therapeutic strategy in ALS to reduce oxidative stress. In this review, we first introduce the involvement of the Nrf2 pathway in the pathogenesis of ALS and the role played by astrocytes in modulating such a protective pathway. We then describe the currently developed activators of Nrf2, used in both preclinical animal models and clinical studies, taking into consideration their potentialities as well as the possible limitations associated with their use.     

混合型烷基键合硅胶液相色谱固定相的合成与性能评价

多环芳烃;取代基位置异构体;混合型烷基键合硅胶液相色谱固定相的合成与性能评价     

Role of the C3-substituted derivatives of cinchonidine in the enantioselective hydrogenation of ethyl pyruvate on Pt-alumina catalyst in AcOH

Summary The enantioselective hydrogenation of ethyl pyruvate (EtPy) was studied on Pt-alumina catalysts modified by C3-substituted cinchonidines (NC, A, B, C1, C2in Fig. 1) and for comparison by DHCDand MeO-DHCDin AcOH. The effect of the C3-substituent on the reaction rate and the enantioselectivity were examined. Using the Engelhard 4759 catalyst under mild experimental conditions (room temperature, hydrogen pressure 1 bar) such as DHCDthe (R)-ethyl lactate formed in excess (e.e.max: 79-91%)</o:p>     

Stabilization of High‐Valence Ruthenium with Silicotungstate Ligands: Preparation,Structural Characterization,and Redox Studies of Ruthenium(III)‐Substituted α‐Keggin‐Type Silicotungstates with Pyridine Ligands, [SiW11O39RuIII(Py)]5−

Ruthenium(III)‐substituted α‐Keggin‐type silicotungstates with pyridine‐based ligands, [SiW₁₁O₃₉Ru^III(Py)]^5?, (Py: pyridine ( 1 ), 4‐pyridine‐carboxylic acid ( 2 ), 4,4′‐bipyridine ( 3 ), 4‐pyridine‐acetamide ( 4 ), and 4‐pyridine‐methanol ( 5 )) were prepared by reacting [SiW₁₁O₃₉Ru^III(H₂O)]^5? with the pyridine derivatives in water at 80 °C and then isolated as their hydrated cesium salts. These compounds were characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), UV/Vis, IR, and ¹H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, titration, and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) analysis (Ru K‐edge and L₃‐edge). Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of compounds 2 , 3 , and 4 revealed that Ru^III was incorporated in the α‐Keggin framework and was coordinated by pyridine derivatives through a Ru? N bond. In the solid state, compounds 2 and 3 formed a dimer through π? π interaction of the pyridine moieties, whereas they existed as monomers in solution. CV indicated that the incorporated Ru^III–Py was reversibly oxidized into the Ru^IV–Py derivative and reduced into the Ru^II–Py derivative.     

o-，m-，p-IC6H4OCH3的电子结构和取代基效应

采用紫外光电子能谱（UPS）手段结合理论计算研究了有机卤化物o-,m-,p-IC6H4OCH3的电子结构和取代基效应．在碘原子和甲氧基两个供电子基团的共同作用下,这三种碘代苯甲醚的第一电离能均低于相应的碘苯和苯甲醚．通过取代基效应研究表明碘代苯甲醚为富电子体,因此在有机合成反应中具有较高的反应活性．     

含卤素取代基四硫富瓦烯的合成与研究进展

简要概括了含卤素取代基四硫富瓦烯(TTF)衍生物的主要合成方法, 即TTF及其衍生物的直接卤化法以及卤代1,3-二硫杂环戊烯-2-(硫)酮在亚磷酸三烷基酯参与下的偶合反应. 介绍了含卤素TTF衍生物的电化学、结晶和成膜性能, 及其作为重要的合成中间体在构筑给体-受体二元体、低聚TTF体系、含TTF单元的环蕃、含TTF单元的聚合物以及各种官能化TTF衍生物中的应用. 提出了含卤素TTF衍生物的研究发展趋势.     

水泥聚苯模壳格构式混凝土墙体的抗侧性能试验及分析

论文介绍6片不同高宽比的水泥聚苯模壳格构式混凝土墙体在轴压力和水平往复侧推力作用下的试验,分析这种墙体的抗侧强度、刚度和延性等力学性能.试验表明,高宽比大于1的墙体破坏时表现为墙体跟部的单一水平裂缝,其他部位完好;高宽比3∶4的墙体破坏时存在多条通过格构梁柱的斜向裂缝,墙体裂缝分布密集,变形能力好.     

花岗岩单轴压缩侧向变形及脆性破坏机制实验研究

为研究花岗岩侧向变形及脆性破坏机制,对花岗岩试件进行单轴压缩实验。利用动态应变采集系统、数字散斑相关方法(DSCM)和显微观测手段,记录并分析花岗岩试件在单轴压缩过程中的宏观侧向应变、局部侧向应变以及破裂面形貌,并与水泥砂浆试件的破坏过程对比,讨论了花岗岩脆性破坏机制。实验与分析结果表明:(1)花岗岩试件在加载初期发生侧向收缩变形,产生并发展于压密阶段,消失于线弹性阶段初期,这主要由于试件内部裂纹闭合造成的;此后,宏观侧向应变持续增长,当侧向应变与轴向应变之比接近0.5时试件破坏;(2)在峰值载荷前很长一段时间内,局部侧向应变在一定范围内波动,临近试件破坏时局部侧向应变最大值和最小值均出现较大幅度的波动,二者差值迅速增大,试件不均匀程度增大,最终导致试件破坏;(3)在峰值载荷前有无塑性屈服阶段是峰值载荷后脆性破坏程度的重要影响因素,而宏观裂纹的贯通程度是峰值载荷后应力降大小的决定因素。     

羧酸甲乙酯中羰基17O-NMR化学位移研究

提出了计算羧酸甲乙酯中羰基¹⁷O-NMR化学位移的公式：δ_cal（¹⁷O）=360.0+Δα+Δβ+Δγ,通过线性回归法确定了22种取代基参数.经回归检验表明该公式计算结果置信度为99.5%,与实验值的偏差Δδ在5.0以内的羰基¹⁷O-NMR化学位移计算值~100%.     

脂肪胺类化合物氨基15N NMR化学位移规律的研究

提出了计算脂肪胺类化合物的¹⁵N NMR化学位移的经验公式：δ_cal（¹⁵N）=-380.2+ΣΔα+ΣΔβ+ΣΔγ+ΣΔδ+ΣC,结合最小二乘法通过线性回归得到了11种取代基参数,计算结果以133种化合物的133个¹⁵N NMR化学位移数据为样本点进行回归检验,置信度为99.5 %,约有94.7 %的¹⁵N NMR化学位移计算值的计算误差小于5.0（相对误差小于0.5 %）.