用楔角偏差改善光楔列阵系统焦线的大尺度不均匀性

在加工光楔列阵线聚焦系统时，人为地使各单元楔角与精确的理论值之间存在一定的偏差，以使单元衍射引起的大尺度不均匀性得到改善，文中进行了理论计算和实验验证，在既能改善均匀性，又能保证一定的焦线能量利用率的情况下，给出了合理的偏差数据，为优化均匀聚焦系统的工程设计提供了必要的依据。     

Lp-based combinatorial problem solving

A tutorial outline of the polyhedral theory that underlies linear programming (LP)-based combinatorial problem solving is given. Design aspects of a combinatorial problem solver are discussed in general terms. Three computational studies in combinatorial problem solving using the polyhedral theory developed in the past fifteen years are surveyed: one addresses the symmetric traveling salesman problem, another the optimal triangulation of input/output matrices, and the third the optimization of large-scale zero-one linear programming problems.     

Transition region where the large-scale and very large scale motions coexist in atmospheric surface layer: wind tunnel investigation

The turbulent structures in atmospheric surface layer (ASL) are investigated in wind tunnel with hot-wire anemometers in present study. The results show that there exist two typical turbulent structures characterised by their streamwise length scales, i.e. large-scale motions (LSMs) and very large scale motions (VLSMs) as reported recently in pipe flow, channel flow, zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers and near-neutral ASLs. Moreover, a transition region containing both LSMs and VLSMs is first reported in present investigation, and this region depends on the Reynolds numbers. In the transition region, as the wall-normal distance increases, the turbulent energy ratio of LSMs is gradually weakened but VSLMs strengthened.     

Flow separation behind a rib in a channel with laminar flow

Visualization data and results of combined measurements of flow quantities in flow with separation past a rib at nominally laminar regime of channel flow are reported. In the separation region, the flow is found to be essentially three-dimensional and unsteady, exhibiting a distinct cellular structure and flow zones with transverse motion. It is shown that the rib-induced flow separation gives rise to low-frequency fluctuations of flow velocity and initiates the turbulence transition in the channel flow. The critical Reynolds number at which flow instability starts developing in the channel is estimated. It is shown that at Reynolds numbers higher than the critical Reynolds number the linear integral scale of flow velocity fluctuations in the channel is defined by the duct size.     

混沌振子系统周期解几何特征量分析与微弱周期信号的定量检测

提出了一种对微弱周期信号的定量检测方法.分析混沌振子系统在大尺度周期状态下的相对稳定输出时,发现了混沌振子系统输出周期解的平均面积是一个比较稳定的几何特征量.该几何特征量与待测信号幅值之间存在比较稳定的单调递增关系.在一定的参数条件下,几何特征量精度可达到10^-6V².利用混沌系统对随机噪声信号的免疫性和对微弱周期信号的敏感性,进一步建立了微弱周期信号的定量检测方法.仿真实验表明,随着待检测幅度的增加,在保证检测精度的同时,抗噪性能也随之增强. 关键词： 混沌振子系统 大尺度周期相态 周期解的几何特征量 微弱周期信号的定量检测     

Large-Scale Synthesis of a Niche Olefin Metathesis Catalyst Bearing an Unsymmetrical N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligand and its Application in a Green Pharmaceutical Context

A large-scale synthesis of known Ru olefin metathesis catalyst VII featuring an unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand with one 2,5-diisopropylphenyl (DIPP) and one thiophenylmethylene N-substituent is reported. The optimised procedure does not require column chromatography in any step and allows for preparation of up to 0.5 kg batches of the catalyst from simple precursors. The application profile of the obtained catalyst was studied in environmentally friendly dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Although VII exhibited low efficiency in cross-metathesis (CM) with electron-deficient partners, good to excellent results were noted for substrates featuring easy to isomerise C−C double bonds. This includes polyfunctional substrates of medicinal chemistry interest, such as analogues of psychoactive 5F-PB-22 and NM-2201 and two PDE5 inhibitors—Sildenafil and Vardenafil. Finally, a larger scale ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of a Vardenafil derivative was conducted in DMC, allowing for straightforward isolation of the expected product (23 g) in high yield and with low Ru contamination level (7.7 ppm).     

研究生参与实验室大型仪器管理的探索

阐述了研究生参与大型仪器管理的必要性、运行机制及实施环节,建立了"统一管理,专人负责,用管结合,开放使用"的管理模式.实践证明,这一措施的实施对规范大型仪器管理、提高仪器利用率以及实验室科研项目顺利进行起到了积极促进作用.     

大型仪器分析实验教学多层次培训体系的建立与实践

在大型仪器分析实验教学中,为了提升学生对基础知识的运用能力,提高学生的动手能力、创新能力,通过引入培训、教学双模式,建立了大型仪器多层次（即基础理论培训、上机操作技术培训和仪器功能应用培训）培训体系。实践证明这种多层次培训体系搭建了学生与专家、学者之间交流的平台。从理论讲解到操作,再到应用的多层次培训体系有效地弥补了大型仪器实验教学中单一教学模式存在的不足,可以很好地培养本科生和研究生的学习兴趣,提高学生分析问题、解决问题的科研能力,同时提升了仪器使用效率,储备了大量仪器方面的专业人才。     

我国运动稳定性研究的新进展

综述了近年来我国运动稳定性(包括力学系统、控制系统、人口系统、生态系统和大系统的稳定性)及其一般理论的研究进展。      

滑移边界对二维Rayleigh-Bénard热对流流态和传热特性的影响

采用并行直接数值模拟（PDM-DNS）计算无滑移和滑移边界二维Rayleigh-Bénard热对流.与无滑移边界形成的随机羽流运动的湍流热对流不同,滑移边界热对流最终形成湍流特征消失,且温度仅分布于四壁的一个大尺度环流的流动形态.平均场近底板的温度分布特性,无滑移边界逐渐变化而滑移边界出现过冲现象.宽高比Γ=1时,Nusselt数（Nu）随Rayleigh数（Ra）的变化具有相同标度指数,Nu~Ra^0.3.滑移边界热对流具有传热增强作用.滑移边界热对流Nu随Γ变化明显,并分为两个阶段,在Γ=0.5时出现Nu_max≈250,是无滑移边界热流Nu的5倍.