Large-Scale Flows in a Turbulent Convective Layer with an Immersed Moving Thermal Insulator

Large-scale motions developing against the background of developed convective turbulence in a rectangular vessel heated from below, in which a horizontal disk floats freely at a fixed depth, are studied experimentally. It is found that regular or chaotic oscillations may develop in the vessel. Transitional regimes characterized by interruptions of the motion or frequency variations are also possible. A regime map in the Rayleigh number — relative disk depth plane is constructed. It is shown that in the regular-oscillation regime the oscillation frequency is a linear function of the Rayleigh number.     

Renormalization Group Model of Large-Scale Turbulence in Porous Media

Renormalization group methods are used to develop a macroscopic (large-scale) turbulence model for incompressible flow in porous media. The model accounts for the large-distance and large-time behavior of velocity correlations generated by the momentum equation for a randomly stirred, incompressible flow. Utilizing the renormalization procedure, the transport equations for the large-scale modes and expressions for effective transport coefficients are obtained. Expressions for renormalized turbulent viscosity, which accounts for the ultraviolet subrange of the turbulent kinetic energy spectrum, are also obtained.     

Up-scaling Flow in Fractured Media: Equivalence Between the Large Scale Averaging Theory and the Continuous Time Random Walk Method

In a recent paper, (McNabb, 1978), we set up a method allowing to compute both the transient and steady-state exchange terms between the matrix and fractured regions of a naturally fractured porous medium using the continuous time random walk method (CTRW). In particular, the exchange coefficient parametrizing the large-scale exchange term was computed on physical grounds using a time integration of the so-called time correlation function corresponding to the particle presence in the fractures. On the other hand, the large scale averaging theory (LSAT) as developed by Quintard and Whitaker (Quintard and Whitaker, 1996) gives another definition for this exchange coefficient . It also provides a so-called closure problem allowing to compute from the solution of a well-defined steady state boundary value problem, to be solved over a representative volume of the high resolution fractured map. The goal of the present paper is to show analytically that both definitions coincide, yielding a unique and well defined value of the coefficient. This provides an unification of two approaches whose respective backgrounds are very different at the first glance.     

Two-phase flow in heterogeneous porous media I: The influence of large spatial and temporal gradients

In order to capture the complexities of two-phase flow in heterogeneous porous media, we have used the method of large-scale averaging and spatially periodic models of the local heterogeneities. The analysis leads to the large-scale form of the momentum equations for the two immiscible fluids, a theoretical representation for the large-scale permeability tensor, and a dynamic, large-scale capillary pressure. The prediction of the permeability tensor and the dynamic capillary pressure requires the solution of a large-scale closure problem. In our initial study (Quintard and Whitaker, 1988), the solution to the closure problem was restricted to the quasi-steady condition and small spatial gradients. In this work, we have relaxed the constraint of small spatial gradients and developed a dynamic solution to the closure problem that takes into account some, but not all, of the transient effects that occur at the closure level. The analysis leads to continuity and momentum equations for the-phase that are given by

核糖核酸-蛋白质复合物规模化富集与鉴定技术的研究进展

核糖核酸(RNA)在细胞中并非单独存在,从它们产生到被降解的过程中与大量蛋白质发生相互作用,RNA结合蛋白(RNA-binding proteins, RBPs)能与RNA结合形成RNA-蛋白质复合物(RP复合物),并以这种复合物的形式发挥生理功能。RNAs或RBPs任一组分的异常与缺失都会影响RP复合物的正常生理功能,从而导致疾病的发生,如代谢异常、肌肉萎缩症、自身免疫性疾病和癌症。因此,定性定量分析RBPs及其在正常细胞和肿瘤细胞中与RNAs靶标之间的复杂相互作用网络有助于挖掘RP复合物在肿瘤发生发展中的作用,开发肿瘤生物标志物和新的治疗方式。要深入研究和理解RNAs与RBPs的相互作用网络,须依赖组学技术对RP复合物进行大规模鉴定。而作为在组学层面系统性解析RP复合物组成、含量和功能的第一步,大规模富集RP复合物极具挑战性。为了解决这一难题,研究者们发展了各种富集鉴定策略。该文针对RP复合物富集策略的最新进展进行了综述,包括紫外光交联和免疫沉淀(crosslinking and immunoprecipitation, CLIP)及其衍生技术、基于“点击化学”的富集策略和基于相分离的富集策略,比较分析了它们的技术原理、优缺点,以方便研究者们选择合适的策略来解决感兴趣的生物学问题。该文最后总结了当前的RP复合物富集方法仍然存在富集效率低和操作繁琐等亟需解决的技术挑战,为富集策略的发展提供了研究方向。     

疫情期间居住环境对城市居民焦虑情绪的影响

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）已演变为全球大流行疾病,疫情发生带来的不确定性不仅对公众的生命健康产生了威胁,而且令公众的负面心理状态——焦虑情绪不断加剧。居住环境是影响居民情绪的重要因素,根据“人—环境一致性理论”,人与环境是相互作用的,个人的认知受环境的影响。因此,以线上问卷调查的数据为基础,采用焦虑自评量表测度城市居民的焦虑情绪,通过二元Logistic回归方法,分析居住环境和人口学特征对焦虑情绪的影响。结果表明,在居住环境要素中,室内居住环境中的采光、通风和噪声状况,室外居住环境中的住区绿化状况、疫情宣传和管理状况以及安全设施状况对城市居民焦虑情绪有显著影响;在个人特征要素中,年龄、收入和独居状态对城市居民焦虑情绪产生显著影响。     

汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析

大光包—红洞子沟巨型滑坡是汶川地震触发的最大规模滑坡,其体积达7.42亿m3, 堰塞坝高达690m,是我国已知的最大规模地震滑坡和最高的滑坡堰塞坝,也是目前全世界已知的为数不多的几个方量在5亿m3以上的超大规模滑坡之一,其高达690m的滑坡堰塞坝为目前世界最高的滑坡坝。滑坡位于发震断层上盘,距发震断裂——映秀—北川断裂不足7km。震前斜坡为三面切割的孤立型山脊,相对高差达1500m;斜坡岩层走向与坡面近于垂直,层面延展性极好,构成滑动面形成的基础。调查和分析表明,斜坡的临空条件和贯通性好的灰岩层面是滑坡产生的基础;而高强度和长持时强震地面运动是导致滑坡产生的根本因素。滑坡产生的机理和过程可分为以下4个阶段：即坡体震裂、松弛和解体阶段、高速溃滑阶段、震动堆积阶段、二次抛射和碎屑流堆积阶段。失稳高速下滑的坡体,形成了沿主滑方向长4.2km,宽2.2km的堆积体,高速流动的碎屑流越过下游侧风波岩山脊,沿红洞子沟形成了长1km的碎屑流堆积区。     

冲击射流中反馈环机理的再研究

冲击射流的噪声抑制对于研究短程起飞和垂直起降飞行器(STOVL)是极其重要的. 为了研究冲击射流噪声尤其是冲击单音与涡结构尺度之间的关系以及反馈声波的上传方向,采用小波分析技术和``声类比'方法来分析冲击单音的传播方向. 研究中用到的冲击射流的速度场由PIV技术给出,冲击单音的频率通过噪声场的测量获得. 利用双正交小波变换来提取冲击射流速度场中含有的波动信息,结合冲击单音的频率特性对噪声场进行研究.研究结果表明大尺度结构是冲击单音的``拟声源'. 此外,还可以看出大尺度涡结构产生的反馈声波一部分向喷嘴出口处传播,形成反馈环;另一部分反馈声波向四周传播.      

大规模集成光波导时域有限元差分法仿真的子域合成法

用时域有限元差分的子域合成法(Synthetic subdomain method of FDTD)对大规模的光波导模拟,把仿真的光波导划分成两个或多个区域,在不影响仿真精度的条件下,删除对仿真对象影响不大的区域,并相应改变吸收边界条件进行时域有限元差分法数值模拟,考查光的传播和损耗状况,并与常规方法的运算结果相比较,结果一致且不影响计算精度。与常规方法相比,两段子域合成法所占内存约为前者的55%,时间约为前者的60%,三段子域合成法所占内存约为前者的31%,时间约为前者的28%,可见子域合成法比常规方法更有利于应用于大规模集成光波导的数值模拟仿真,对节省硬件及时间资源具有实际意义,提高工作效率。     

数字图像相关法在相似材料模拟试验中的应用

利用相似材料模拟试验研究印度某矿长壁开采采场厚硬顶板的破断规律,针对试验中传统的位移测量法的不足,引入了数字图像相关法。通过恰当布设模型、合理控制光照强度,实时用高分辨率数码相机拍摄模型在开采过程中的表面变形图像,借用数字照相图像分析与结果可视化应用软件系统GeoDPDM对序列照片进行相关性分析,得到了开采过程中上覆岩层变形的位移场和应变场。将分析结果与传统测量方法所得结果对比,得到两种方法具有较高的一致性,并将测试精度提高到0.6mm/pixel,成功实现了大范围模型变形的全场、非接触式测量。