On the influences of key modelling constants of large eddy simulations for large-scale compartment fires predictions

An in-house large eddy simulation (LES) based fire field model has been developed for large-scale compartment fire simulations. The model incorporates four major components, including subgrid-scale turbulence, combustion, soot and radiation models which are fully coupled. It is designed to simulate the temporal and fluid dynamical effects of turbulent reaction flow for non-premixed diffusion flame. Parametric studies were performed based on a large-scale fire experiment carried out in a 39-m long test hall facility. Several turbulent Prandtl and Schmidt numbers ranging from 0.2 to 0.5, and Smagorinsky constants ranging from 0.18 to 0.23 were investigated. It was found that the temperature and flow field predictions were most accurate with turbulent Prandtl and Schmidt numbers of 0.3, respectively, and a Smagorinsky constant of 0.2 applied. In addition, by utilising a set of numerically verified key modelling parameters, the smoke filling process was successfully captured by the present LES model.     

Renormalization Group Model of Large-Scale Turbulence in Porous Media

Renormalization group methods are used to develop a macroscopic (large-scale) turbulence model for incompressible flow in porous media. The model accounts for the large-distance and large-time behavior of velocity correlations generated by the momentum equation for a randomly stirred, incompressible flow. Utilizing the renormalization procedure, the transport equations for the large-scale modes and expressions for effective transport coefficients are obtained. Expressions for renormalized turbulent viscosity, which accounts for the ultraviolet subrange of the turbulent kinetic energy spectrum, are also obtained.     

汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析

大光包—红洞子沟巨型滑坡是汶川地震触发的最大规模滑坡,其体积达7.42亿m3, 堰塞坝高达690m,是我国已知的最大规模地震滑坡和最高的滑坡堰塞坝,也是目前全世界已知的为数不多的几个方量在5亿m3以上的超大规模滑坡之一,其高达690m的滑坡堰塞坝为目前世界最高的滑坡坝。滑坡位于发震断层上盘,距发震断裂——映秀—北川断裂不足7km。震前斜坡为三面切割的孤立型山脊,相对高差达1500m;斜坡岩层走向与坡面近于垂直,层面延展性极好,构成滑动面形成的基础。调查和分析表明,斜坡的临空条件和贯通性好的灰岩层面是滑坡产生的基础;而高强度和长持时强震地面运动是导致滑坡产生的根本因素。滑坡产生的机理和过程可分为以下4个阶段：即坡体震裂、松弛和解体阶段、高速溃滑阶段、震动堆积阶段、二次抛射和碎屑流堆积阶段。失稳高速下滑的坡体,形成了沿主滑方向长4.2km,宽2.2km的堆积体,高速流动的碎屑流越过下游侧风波岩山脊,沿红洞子沟形成了长1km的碎屑流堆积区。     

数字图像相关法在相似材料模拟试验中的应用

利用相似材料模拟试验研究印度某矿长壁开采采场厚硬顶板的破断规律,针对试验中传统的位移测量法的不足,引入了数字图像相关法。通过恰当布设模型、合理控制光照强度,实时用高分辨率数码相机拍摄模型在开采过程中的表面变形图像,借用数字照相图像分析与结果可视化应用软件系统GeoDPDM对序列照片进行相关性分析,得到了开采过程中上覆岩层变形的位移场和应变场。将分析结果与传统测量方法所得结果对比,得到两种方法具有较高的一致性,并将测试精度提高到0.6mm/pixel,成功实现了大范围模型变形的全场、非接触式测量。     

二阶流形元法与结构变形分析

在原有一阶流形元法的基础上开发了二阶流形元法数值仿真模型和相应的计算程序，并给出了计算实例。结果表明，二阶流形元法可以以较高的精度分析一般结构的变形和接触应力问题，对大变形问题独有优势。并能很好地模拟不连续介质的破坏过程及块体破坏后的运动。     

基于神经网络的大规模联立线性方程的实时解

本文研究了大规模线性方程问题的扰动Hopfield神经网络, 并给出了网络收敛的判别准则. 在一定条件下, 网络的稳态误差一致有界或者收敛于0, 网络具有较好的鲁棒性. 最后数值仿真验证了方法的有效性.     

Minimization of Linear Functionals Defined on Solutions of Large-Scale Discrete Ill-Posed Problems

The minimization of linear functionals defined on the solutions of discrete ill-posed problems arises, e.g., in the computation of confidence intervals for these solutions. In 1990, Eldén proposed an algorithm for this minimization problem based on a parametric programming reformulation involving the solution of a sequence of trust-region problems, and using matrix factorizations. In this paper, we describe MLFIP, a large-scale version of this algorithm where a limited-memory trust-region solver is used on the subproblems. We illustrate the use of our algorithm in connection with an inverse heat conduction problem. AMS subject classification (2000) 65F22     

一类It(o)型非线性时滞关联随机大系统的分散鲁棒控制

在非线性项满足全局Lipschitz条件下，本文研究了一类Ito型非线性时滞关联随机大系统的分散鲁棒控制问题．系统的时滞是关于状态和控制输入的．基于Lyapunov泛函及线性矩阵不等式（LMI）的分析方法，得到了无记忆状态反馈控制器使整个时滞关联随机大系统可镇定的充分条件．     

A new technique for generating quadratic programming test problems

This paper describes a new technique for generating convex, strictly concave and indefinite (bilinear or not) quadratic programming problems. These problems have a number of properties that make them useful for test purposes. For example, strictly concave quadratic problems with their global maximum in the interior of the feasible domain and with an exponential number of local minima with distinct function values and indefinite and jointly constrained bilinear problems with nonextreme global minima, can be generated.Unlike most existing methods our construction technique does not require the solution of any subproblems or systems of equations. In addition, the authors know of no other technique for generating jointly constrained bilinear programming problems.Support of this work has been provided by the Instituto Nacional de Investigação Científica de Portugal (INIC) under contract 89/EXA/5 and by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada operating grant 5671.Much of this paper was completed while this author was on a research sabbatical at the Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal.     

Planning under uncertainty using parallel computing

Industry and government routinely solve deterministic mathematical programs for planning and schelduling purposes, some involving thousands of variables with a linear or non-linear objective and inequality constraints. The solutions obtained are often ignored because they do not properly hedge against future contingencies. It is relatively easy to reformulate models to include uncertainty. The bottleneck has been (and is) our capability to solve them. The time is now ripe for finding a way to do so. To this end, we describe in this paper how large-scale system methods for solving multi-staged systems, such as Bender's Decomposition, high-speed sampling or Monte Carlo simulation, and parallel processors can be combined to solve some important planning problems involving uncertainty. For example, parallel processors may make it possible to come to better grips with the fundamental problems of planning, scheduling, design, and control of complex systems such as the economy, an industrial enterprise, an energy system, a water-resource system, military models for planning-and-control, decisions about investment, innovation, employment, and health-delivery systems.