Cavitation and non-cavitation regime for large-scale ultrasonic standing wave particle separation systems – In situ gentle cavitation threshold determination and free radical related oxidation

We here suggest a novel and straightforward approach for liter-scale ultrasound particle manipulation standing wave systems to guide system design in terms of frequency and acoustic power for operating in either cavitation or non-cavitation regimes for ultrasound standing wave systems, using the sonochemiluminescent chemical luminol. We show that this method offers a simple way of in situ determination of the cavitation threshold for selected separation vessel geometry. Since the pressure field is system specific the cavitation threshold is system specific (for the threshold parameter range). In this study we discuss cavitation effects and also measure one implication of cavitation for the application of milk fat separation, the degree of milk fat lipid oxidation by headspace volatile measurements. For the evaluated vessel, 2 MHz as opposed to 1 MHz operation enabled operation in non-cavitation or low cavitation conditions as measured by the luminol intensity threshold method. In all cases the lipid oxidation derived volatiles were below the human sensory detection level. Ultrasound treatment did not significantly influence the oxidative changes in milk for either 1 MHz (dose of 46 kJ/L and 464 kJ/L) or 2 MHz (dose of 37 kJ/L and 373 kJ/L) operation.     

An improved parallel compact scheme for domain-decoupled simulation of turbulence

An improved domain-decoupled compact scheme for first and second spatial derivatives is proposed for domain-decomposition-based parallel computational fluid dynamics. The method improves the accuracy of previously developed decoupled schemes and preserves the accuracy and bandwidth properties of fully coupled compact schemes, even for a very large degree of parallelism, and enables the Navier-Stokes equations to be solved independently on each processor. The scheme is analysed using Fourier analysis and error analysis, and tested on one-dimensional wave-packet propagation, a two-dimensional vortex convection problem, and in the direct numerical simulation of the three-dimensional Taylor-Green vortex problem and turbulent channel flow. Our results demonstrate the scheme's effectiveness in performing direct numerical simulation of turbulence in terms of accuracy and scalability.     

Quadratic approximation of penalty functions for solving large-scale linear programs

Using the least squares, modified Lagrangian function, and some other methods as examples, the capabilities of the new optimization technique based on the quadratic approximation of penalty functions that has been recently proposed by O. Mangasarian for a special class of linear programming problems are demonstrated. The application of this technique makes it possible to use unified matrix operations and standard linear algebra packages (including parallel ones) for solving large-scale problems with sparse strongly structured constraint matrices. With this technique, the computational schemes of some well-known algorithms can take an unexpected form.     

The Existence of Optimal Solutions for a Kind of Large-Scale Goal Proramming

In this paper, we shall decompose the large-scale goal programming model with couple-block diagnal structure into several subproblems. We will also propose the definition of deviation sets. Relations of optimal solution between sub-problems and the large-scale problem will be discussed. The existence of optimal solution for large-scale goal programming will be considered.Research is supported by a grant of the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Review: Multifractal Analysis of Packed Swiss Cheese Cosmologies

The multifractal spectrum of various three-dimensional representations of Packed Swiss Cheese cosmologies in open, closed, and flat spaces are measured, and it is determined that the curvature of the space does not alter the associated fractal structure. These results are compared to observational data and simulated models of large scale galaxy clustering, to assess the viability of the PSC as a candidate for such structure formation. It is found that the PSC dimension spectra do not match those of observation, and possible solutions to this discrepancy are offered, including accounting for potential luminosity biasing effects. Various random and uniform sets are also analyzed to provide insight into the meaning of the multifractal spectrum as it relates to the observed scaling behaviors.     

Facile Method for the Large-Scale Synthesis of 6,7,4′-Trihydroxyisoflavanone

6,7,4′-Trihydroxyisoflavanone, the main source of which is extracted from soybeans, has been found to have diverse significant bioactivities. A large-scale, cost-effective, and facile chemical synthesis of 6,7,4′-trihydroxyisoflavanone is presented herein. Its synthesis is characterized by three steps with an overall yield of 71% and a purity or more than 99.0%. This reaction can be scaled up to multikilogram quantities, providing a solid basis for its further bioactivity studies and drug development. With this same method, 6,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyisoflavanone, an analog of 6,7,4′-trihydroxyisoflavanone, also can be largely prepared, indicating this modified synthetic method is potentially available for large-scale synthesis of a broad range of multihydroxyl isoflavanones.     

一种现场大尺寸测量精度的评价方法

针对现场全面评价大尺寸测量仪器精度的特殊性,提出了一种采用多仪器站多控制点的精度评价方法.基于四元数的空问数据配准,将多仪器站的测量数据统一到全局坐标系下,基于控制点坐标不变约束,对测量值进行统计得到测量不确定度,并从中提取仪器内部各传感器单元分量的不确定度.利用多传感器信息融合技术求得最优控制点,减小坐标转换误差对结果的影响.以激光跟踪仪为例进行了仿真和现场实验,结果表明,该方法评价测距和测角小确定度的误差可分别降至1 μm和0.1'以内.     

大规模集成光波导时域有限元差分法仿真的子域合成法

用时域有限元差分的子域合成法(Synthetic subdomain method of FDTD)对大规模的光波导模拟,把仿真的光波导划分成两个或多个区域,在不影响仿真精度的条件下,删除对仿真对象影响不大的区域,并相应改变吸收边界条件进行时域有限元差分法数值模拟,考查光的传播和损耗状况,并与常规方法的运算结果相比较,结果一致且不影响计算精度。与常规方法相比,两段子域合成法所占内存约为前者的55%,时间约为前者的60%,三段子域合成法所占内存约为前者的31%,时间约为前者的28%,可见子域合成法比常规方法更有利于应用于大规模集成光波导的数值模拟仿真,对节省硬件及时间资源具有实际意义,提高工作效率。     

大型循环流化床锅炉燃烧系统数学模拟

数学模型是研究和发展大型循环流化床锅炉的重要方法.在浙江大学提出的适用于中小型循环流化床锅炉的整体数学模型的基础上,建立了适用于大型循环流化床锅炉的数学模型.模型采用了基于环-核结构的流体动力学模型,并考虑了宽筛分燃料颗粒所经历的破碎、燃烧等过程.模拟了国内一台300MWe循环流化床锅炉,模拟计算结果与锅炉的运行测量值...