Butanol production using Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 hyper-butanol producing mutant strain and recovery by pervaporation

Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 (mutant strain) and C. beijerinckii 8052 (wild type) were compared for substrate and butanol inhibition. The wild-type strain is more strongly inhibited by added butanol than is the mutant strain. Acetone and butanol were removed from a fed-batch reactor inoculated with C. beijcrinckii BA101 by pervaporation using a silicone membrane. In the batch reactor, C. beijerinckii BA101 produced 25.3 g/L of total solvents, whereas in the fermentation-recovery experiment it produced 165.1 g/L of total solvents. Solvent productivity increased from 0.35 (batch reactor) to 0.98 g/L·h (fed-batch reactor). The fed-batch reactor wasfed with 500 g/L of glucose-based P2 medium. Acetone selectivities ranged from 2 to 10 whereas butanol selectivities ranged from 7 to 19. Total flux varied from 26 to 31 g/m²·h.     

Dynamical analysis of an elementary X + Y → P reaction in a continuously stirred tank reactor

This paper investigates the bifurcation behaviour of a model oxidation reaction in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). We assume that two gaseous chemical species are pumped separately into the CSTR, at constant total pressure, reacting to produce an inert product. The reaction is assumed to be a single step reaction that is described by Arrhenius kinetics. It is capable of producing oscillatory behaviour as well as steady state multiplicity in certain parameter regions. Bifurcation diagrams in various control parameter spaces are presented. We show that the system always possesses a globally attracting invariant region. The equivalence of a CSTR having n feed streams and the one pipe version, by appropriate rescaling, is also discussed.     

超痕量H2O2对MnSO4-KBrO3-乙酰丙酮化学振荡体系的扰动

化学振荡波和生物体内的生物振荡及生物形态现象的相似性促使人们认识到生命现象和非生命现象之间遵循着某些相同的规律, 因而化学振荡反应非线性动力学一直是物理化学研究的热点[1, 2]. 近年来它在分析化学中的应用使其研究扩展到了一个新的领域, 但仍停留在10-7 mol/L的水平上[3]. 显然, 以这个量去研究包含众多基元反应和反应中间体的振荡反应, 得到的是数目庞大的反应物种群体行为, 而这种行为并不足以说明生命现象的猝发病变、代谢功能衰竭及运动寿命终止的原因.     

氧化钙对流化床煤温和气化半焦性质的影响

在Φ4 8× 5 2 5mm小型流化床反应器中 ,于 4 5 0～ 75 0℃温度区间内 ,研究了氧化钙对煤温和气化产物半焦特性的影响。报道了在煤温和气化过程中添加氧化钙对所得半焦的工业分析、元素组成及热值的影响。采用等温吸附法研究了氧化钙对半焦孔结构和比表面积的影响 ,并给予了合理的解释。     

Heterogeneity Features of Bulk Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in an Ampoule Reactor

Summary: This work demonstrated the severity of heterogeneity issues with ampoule reactors in bulk atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate. The kinetic data of Cu^II concentration, monomer conversion, and polymer molecular weight varied from location to location along the ampoule. However, the polymer molecular weight versus conversion data from different locations fell into a single theoretical line. All locations except for the bottom part of the ampoule produced polymers having narrow molecular weight distribution.

Conversion versus time at different locations for the ATRP of MMA at 70 °C.     

Microwave‐Assisted Polymer Synthesis: State‐of‐the‐Art and Future Perspectives

Summary: Monomodal microwaves have overcome the safety uncertainties associated with the precedent domestic microwave ovens. After fast acceptance in inorganic and organic syntheses, polymer chemists have also recently discovered this new kind of microwave reactor. An almost exponential increase of the number of publications in this field reflects the steadily growing interest in the use of microwave irradiation for polymerizations. This review introduces the microwave systems and their applications in polymer syntheses, covering step‐growth and ring‐opening, as well as radical polymerization processes, in order to summarize the hitherto realized polymerizations. Special attention is paid to the differences between microwave‐assisted and conventional heating as well as the “microwave effects”.

Results of search on number of publications on microwave‐assisted polymerizations, sorted by year.     

IG-11石墨在不同气氛中的磨损性能研究

在SRV摩擦磨损试验机上研究了10MW高温气冷堆用石墨材料IG-11自配副及其与不锈钢配副在空气和氦气气氛中的磨损性能,并利用扫描电子显微镜分析了试样磨损表面形貌.结果表明:环境气氛对石墨自配副磨损性能的影响较大,在氦气环境中石墨的磨损率较大,磨屑尺寸相对较小且呈棱状,主要发生磨料磨损;在空气环境中石墨的磨损率相对较小,磨屑尺寸相对较大,且形成大量片状磨屑,主要发生疲劳磨损;而就石墨与不锈钢摩擦配副而言,由于硬质不锈钢表面粗糙峰对石墨的切削作用,环境气氛的影响减弱.     

Role of Covariance Correlation Tensor in Establishment of Criterion of Quantum Entanglement

This article discusses the role of covariance correlation tensor in the establishment of the criterion of quantum entanglement. It gives a simple example to show the powerfulness in the treatment of quantum dense coding,and illustrates the fact that this method also provides theoretical basis for establishing corresponding knotted pictures.     

浆态相甲醇合成催化剂的失活机理

 浆态床甲醇合成过程具有重要的工业应用价值,影响该过程工业化的根本原因是催化剂易失活. 以合成气为原料,医用液体石蜡为溶剂,在5 MPa, 260 ℃和 1100 ml/(g·h)的反应条件下于浆态床反应器中考察了铜基甲醇合成工业催化剂C301的稳定性,并采用程序升温还原、 X射线衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜、 扫描电镜能谱、元素分析和N2物理吸附等表征方法对不同失活程度的催化剂的物相组成和形貌进行了表征. 结果表明,在本实验条件下,失活催化剂无中毒现象,但随着反应时间的延长,催化剂晶粒长大,比表面积减小,积炭和热烧结现象较明显,但不伴随活性组分铜的流失.     

惯性约束聚变－裂变混合堆及其包层中子学设计

对惯性约束混合堆的功率循环,氚钚生产的燃料循环和混合堆作为聚变能源的前期应用的可能性作了简要的介绍。对快裂包层和抑制裂变包层作了初步的中子学研究设计,指出了其优缺点和应用的前景。