Nanoindentation of ion-irradiated reactor pressure vessel steels – model-based interpretation and comparison with neutron irradiation

Ion-irradiation-induced hardening is investigated on six selected reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels. The steels were irradiated with 5 MeV Fe²⁺ ions at fluences ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 displacements per atom (dpa) and the induced hardening of the surface layer was probed with nanoindentation. To separate the indentation size effect and the substrate effect from the irradiation-induced hardness profile, we developed an analytic model with the plastic zone of the indentation approximated as a half sphere. This model allows the actual hardness profile to be retrieved and the measured hardness increase to be assigned to the respective fluence. The obtained values of hardness increase vs. fluence are compared for selected pairs of samples in order to extract effects of the RPV steel composition. We identify hardening effects due to increased levels of copper, manganese-nickel and phosphorous. Further comparison with available neutron-irradiated conditions of the same heats of RPV steels indicates pronounced differences of the considered effects of composition for irradiation with neutrons vs. ions.     

中国超导聚变工程实验堆氦冷固态包层中子学设计分析

根据中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)设计要求,参考氦冷固态包层实验包层模块(HCCB TBM)的设计经验,完成了CFETR固态包层的中子学设计分析,并评估了中平面位置可开窗口的最大面积。设计分析结果表明,基于增殖单元的固态包层中子学设计方案的氚增殖比(TBR)达到了1.243,满足CFTER氚自持设计要求;中平面可以开出的辅助窗口的最大面积为11.43m²。     

Knotted Picture of Unitary Transformation Applied to Single Particle Quantum State

This paper introduces the unified expression of four Bell bases and uses the composition operation in knot theory to obtain the knotted picture of unitary operators based on Pauli operators, and gives the knotted expressions of 12 inversion relations between the four Bell bases.     

Knotted Topological Phase Singularities of Electromagnetic Field

In this paper, knotted objects （RS vortices） in the theory of topological phase singularity in electromagnetic field have been investigated in details. By using the Duan＇s topological current theory, we rewrite the topological current form of RS vortices and use this topological current we reveal that the Hopf invariant of RS vortices is just the sum of the linking and self-linking numbers of the knotted RS vortices. Furthermore, the conservation of the Hopf invariant in the splitting, the mergence and the intersection processes of knotted RS vortices is also discussed.     

RF properties of 700 MHz, <Emphasis Type="Italic">β</Emphasis> = 0.42 elliptical cavity for high current proton acceleration

BARC is developing a technology for the accelerator-driven subcritical system (ADSS) that will be mainly utilized for the transmutation of nuclear waste and enrichment of U²³³. Design and development of superconducting medium velocity cavity has been taken up as a part of the accelerator-driven subcritical system project. We have studied RF properties of 700 MHz, β = 0.42 single cell elliptical cavity for possible use in high current proton acceleration. The cavity shape optimization studies have been done using SUPERFISH code. A calculation has been done to find out the velocity range over which this cavity can accelerate protons efficiently and to select the number of cells/cavity. The cavity’s peak electric and magnetic fields, power dissipation P _c , quality factor Q and effective shunt impedance ZT ² were calculated for various cavity dimensions using these codes. Based on these analyses a list of design parameters for the inner cell of the cavity has been suggested for possible use in high current proton accelerator.      

CuI/2,2'-联吡啶/2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物催化氧化醇生成腈的工艺

以高压反应釜为反应装置,采用CuI/Bipy(2,2'-联吡啶)/TEMPO(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物)催化体系,以氨水作氮源,分子氧作氧化剂,对醇催化氧化生成相应腈的方法进行了优化。 以苯甲醇的催化氧化反应为模型反应,考察了催化剂及其用量、溶剂、反应温度以及时间对催化性能的影响。 实验表明:在高压釜中,120 ℃、40×10⁵ Pa的氮氧混合气(φ(O₂)=8%)条件下,将催化剂摩尔分数降低至1%(脂肪醇催化剂摩尔分数为5%),反应时间缩短至8 h时,催化效果最佳。同时,该反应系统对于不同的芳香醇和脂肪醇的氧化均取得了90%以上的转化率和90%以上的产品收率。     

Study of material agglomeration during nozzle injection of multiviscosity liquid into a fluidized bed reactor by the electric conductance method

Fluidized bed agglomeration is an important and challenging problem for thermal cracking in fluid cokers. A low coker temperature can be problematic because the bitumen is injected into the fluidized bed with a different viscosity, resulting in formation of agglomerates of varying sizes, which slows the cracking reactions. In the present study, the bed material agglomeration process during nozzle injection of multiviscosity liquid was investigated in a fluidized bed operated at different mass ratios of the atomization gas to the liquid jets (GLR = 1%–3.5%) and gas velocities (3.9U_mf and 5.9U_mf) based on a conductance method using a water–sand system to simulate the hot bitumen–coke system at room temperature. During the tests of liquid-jet dispersion throughout the bed, different agglomeration stages are observed at both gas velocities. The critical amount of tert-butanol in the liquid jets that could lead to severe agglomeration of the bed materials (poor fluidization) at GLR = 1% is about 10 wt% at the low fluidizing gas velocity (3.9U_mf) and 18 wt% at the high gas velocity (5.9U_mf). This study provides a new approach for on-line monitoring of bed agglomeration during liquid injection to guarantee perfect contact between the atomized liquid and the bed particles.     

Disinfection effect of a continuous-flow ultrasound/ultraviolet baffled reactor at a pilot scale

An ultrasound/ultraviolet (US/UV) baffled reactor was developed to fill the gap in ultraviolet (UV) disinfection associated with disinfection efficiency. According to the previously selected operational condition, a continuous-flow US/UV baffled reactor was continuously operated in a wastewater treatment plant at a pilot scale for nearly three months, and the disinfection influent and effluent were analyzed, including fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and fecal streptococci. The US/UV baffled reactor could guarantee a high effluent disinfection performance in terms of fecal coliforms removal even with the fluctuation of the secondary effluent. All the disinfected effluents satisfied the requirement of the “Pollutants Discharge Standard of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in China” (fecal coliforms below 1000 CFU/L for class 1A), and 87% of the tested fecal coliforms concentration in the disinfected effluent was below 100 CFU/L, nearly eliminating all fecal coliforms. Further analysis of the E. coli and fecal streptococci showed the broad disinfection ability and high disinfection efficiency of the US/UV baffled reactor. The flexibility of the specific energy consumption for the disinfection system depends on the water quality.     

IG-11石墨在不同气氛中的磨损性能研究

在SRV摩擦磨损试验机上研究了10MW高温气冷堆用石墨材料IG-11自配副及其与不锈钢配副在空气和氦气气氛中的磨损性能,并利用扫描电子显微镜分析了试样磨损表面形貌.结果表明:环境气氛对石墨自配副磨损性能的影响较大,在氦气环境中石墨的磨损率较大,磨屑尺寸相对较小且呈棱状,主要发生磨料磨损;在空气环境中石墨的磨损率相对较小,磨屑尺寸相对较大,且形成大量片状磨屑,主要发生疲劳磨损;而就石墨与不锈钢摩擦配副而言,由于硬质不锈钢表面粗糙峰对石墨的切削作用,环境气氛的影响减弱.     

A STUDY ON MEMBRANE PROCESS WITH |?-ALUMINA MEMBRANE REACTOR FOR ETHYLBENZENE DEHYDROGENATION TO STYRENE

The membrane reaction of ethylbenzene(EB) dehydrogenation to styrene(ST) has been studied by using K2O/Fe2O3 industrial catalyst and alumina ceramic membrane developed by our institute. In comparison with the packed bed reactor (that is, plug flow reactor, abbr. PFR) in industrial practice, the yield of styrene was increased by 5%~10% in the membrane reactor. Furthermore, mathematical modeling of membrane reaction has been studied to display the principle of optimal match between the catalytic activity and the membrane permeability.