全文获取类型
收费全文 | 26116篇 |
免费 | 4077篇 |
国内免费 | 4031篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 11666篇 |
晶体学 | 191篇 |
力学 | 1793篇 |
综合类 | 348篇 |
数学 | 9360篇 |
物理学 | 10866篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 76篇 |
2023年 | 293篇 |
2022年 | 572篇 |
2021年 | 738篇 |
2020年 | 987篇 |
2019年 | 849篇 |
2018年 | 824篇 |
2017年 | 885篇 |
2016年 | 1037篇 |
2015年 | 874篇 |
2014年 | 1384篇 |
2013年 | 2154篇 |
2012年 | 1408篇 |
2011年 | 1615篇 |
2010年 | 1451篇 |
2009年 | 1863篇 |
2008年 | 1848篇 |
2007年 | 1917篇 |
2006年 | 1766篇 |
2005年 | 1445篇 |
2004年 | 1320篇 |
2003年 | 1290篇 |
2002年 | 1080篇 |
2001年 | 861篇 |
2000年 | 883篇 |
1999年 | 797篇 |
1998年 | 685篇 |
1997年 | 579篇 |
1996年 | 447篇 |
1995年 | 350篇 |
1994年 | 288篇 |
1993年 | 223篇 |
1992年 | 195篇 |
1991年 | 182篇 |
1990年 | 119篇 |
1989年 | 118篇 |
1988年 | 105篇 |
1987年 | 84篇 |
1986年 | 74篇 |
1985年 | 80篇 |
1984年 | 73篇 |
1983年 | 40篇 |
1982年 | 65篇 |
1981年 | 53篇 |
1980年 | 51篇 |
1979年 | 45篇 |
1978年 | 26篇 |
1977年 | 31篇 |
1976年 | 19篇 |
1973年 | 15篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
This paper presents an enhanced version of the elasto-plastic model for partially saturated soil first proposed by Bolzon,
Schrefler and Zienkiewicz in 1996, “BSZ” model, which uses the effective stress tensor and suction as independent stress variables.
It is recalled that the effective stress tensor proposed by Lewis and Schrefler in 1982 is thermodynamically consistent and,
compared with other choices of stress tensors, results particularly suitable for partially saturated soil mechanics. A hydraulic
constitutive relationship and a hydraulic hysteresis are introduced in the model, to take into account the irreversible deformation
during cyclic drying and wetting until structural collapse. For this reason the plastic rate of strain is split into the sum
of two components: one depending on the effective stress tensor and the other one on suction. This is the new feature of the
BSZ model. This enhanced model is then cast into a thermodynamical framework at macroscopic level and it is shown that it
is possible to derive the constitutive law from the Helmholtz free energy and a dissipation function, both for associative
and non- associative plasticity. Finally the model predictions have been compared with experimental data for Sion slime, with
particular emphasis on the deviatoric part, and model predictions of hysteretic behaviour have been investigated in case of
a wetting and drying cycle on compacted betonite–kaolin. 相似文献
62.
Continuity is obtained of some multilinear operators related to certain integral operators for the weighted Herz spaces with extreme exponents. The operators include the Littlewood–Paley and Marcinkiewicz operators. 相似文献
63.
We obtain expressions for the energy spectrum widths of Rayleigh waves corresponding to their deformational coupling to Fermi and Boltzmann electrons in a two-dimensional layer near the surface of a semibounded solid. We evaluate the nonequilibrium energy of Rayleigh waves that depends on these widths and is caused by the same coupling to the corresponding hot electrons. We show that this energy is independent of the degeneracy degree of the electrons and is given by the mean energy of free Rayleigh waves heated up to temperature of the electrons. We find conditions under which the thermodynamics is determined by this nonequilibrium energy of Rayleigh waves in films of a certain thickness with Fermi electrons near the surface and by the equilibrium energy of bulk phonons in thicker samples. All the results are obtained using the Keldysh diagram technique applied to the case of semibounded media. 相似文献
64.
RUAN Manqi XU Gang & ZENG Jinyan Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Physics Peking University Beijing China Correspondence should be addressed to Zeng Jinyan 《中国科学G辑(英文版)》2004,47(1):36-41
Foratwo-particle(spin1/2)systemthespinstateisdescribedusingavectorinafour-dimensionalHilbertspace.Inangularmomentumcouplingtheory[1],theangularmomentumuncouplingandcouplingrepresentationsareusuallyadopted.WhilethesimultaneouseigenstatesoftheCSCO(s1z,s2z),12,12,12and12,arechosenasthebasisofangularmomentumuncouplingscheme,thesimultaneouseigenstatesoftheCSCO(2,zSS),,SM(12=+Sss),arechosenasthebasisofangularmomentumcouplingscheme,1212100,2轾=-臌1212110,2轾=+臌121211,1,1.=-=Thefo… 相似文献
65.
Jeong Ryeol Choi 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2004,43(4):947-958
We derived the WKB wave function for the general time-dependent quadratic Hamiltonian system using a unitary transformation method. We applied our research to sinusodially drived Caldirola–Kanai oscillator and confirmed that the time evolution of our approximated WKB wave function is similar to that of the exact one. This wave function can be used to analyze the interference between the probability amplitudes contributed by the area of overlap in phase space of quantum states. 相似文献
66.
Michael T. Jury David W. Kribs 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2005,133(1):213-222
Given a row contraction of operators on a Hilbert space and a family of projections on the space that stabilizes the operators, we show there is a unique minimal joint dilation to a row contraction of partial isometries that satisfy natural relations. For a fixed row contraction the set of all dilations forms a partially ordered set with a largest and smallest element. A key technical device in our analysis is a connection with directed graphs. We use a Wold decomposition for partial isometries to describe the models for these dilations, and we discuss how the basic properties of a dilation depend on the row contraction.
67.
Philippe Bénilan 《Journal of Differential Equations》2004,196(2):301-315
In this paper, we study the singular limit of the Porous Medium equation ut=Δum+g(x,u), as m→∞, in a bounded domain with Neumann boundary condition. 相似文献
68.
研究了Fe(acac)3-Al(i-Bu)3-8-羟基喹啉(acac=乙酰丙酮)催化体系催化丙烯酸丁酯(BA)聚合,考察了聚合规律,用凝胶渗透色谱研究了聚合物分子量和分子量分布.动力学研究表明聚合反应对单体浓度呈一级关系,表观活化能为13.9kJ/mol. 相似文献
69.
Anuj Mittal Swaminathan Sivaram 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2005,43(21):4996-5008
A tridentate ligand, BPIEP: 2,6‐bis[1‐(2,6‐diisopropyl phenylimino) ethyl] pyridine, having central pyridine unit and two peripheral imine coordination sites was effectively employed in controlled/“living” radical polymerization of MMA at 90°C in toluene as solvent, CuIBr as catalyst, and ethyl‐2‐bromoisobutyrate (EBiB) as initiator resulting in well‐defined polymers with polydispersities Mw/Mn ≤ 1.23. The rate of polymerization follows first‐order kinetics, kapp = 3.4 × 10?5 s?1, indicating the presence of low radical concentration ([P*] ≤ 10?8) throughout the reaction. The polymerization rate attains a maximum at a ligand‐to‐metal ratio of 2:1 in toluene at 90°C. The solvent concentration (v/v, with respect to monomer) has a significant effect on the polymerization kinetics. The polymerization is faster in polar solvents like, diphenylether, and anisole, as compared to toluene. Increasing the monomer concentration in toluene resulted in a better control of polymerization. The molecular weights (Mn,SEC) increased linearly with conversion and were found to be higher than predicted molecular (Mn,Cal). However, the polydispersity remained narrow, i.e., ≤1.23. The initiator efficiency at lower monomer concentration approaches a value of 0.7 in 110 min as compared to 0.5 in 330 min at higher monomer concentration. The aging of the copper salt complexed with BPIEP had a beneficial effect and resulted in polymers with narrow polydispersitities and higher conversion. PMMA obtained at room temperature in toluene (33%, v/v) gave PDI of 1.22 (Mn = 8500) in 48 h whereas, at 50°C the PDI is 1.18 (Mn = 10,300), which is achieved in 23 h. The plot of lnkapp versus 1/T gave an apparent activation energy of polymerization as (ΔE≠app) 58.29 KJ/mol and enthalpy of equilibrium (ΔH0eq) to 28.8 KJ/mol. Reverse ATRP of MMA was successfully performed using AIBN in bulk as well as solution. The controlled nature of the polymerization reaction was established through kinetic studies and chain extension experiments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4996–5008, 2005 相似文献
70.