Determination of SiO2 Residue in Clay Slime of TUFF by IR Spectroscopy

Possibility of selective dissolution of silicate components of TUFF in alkaline water solution (NaOH) has been investigated. Insoluble slime mainly contains minerals of clay type as well as indefinite quantities of quartz, tridymite and amorphous SiO₂. By changing Na₂O/SiO₂ and H₂O/SiO₂ ratios, temperature and duration of treatment we searched for conditions of simultaneous maximum silicate and minimum aluminosilicate component solubility. In our experiments composition of the slime was successfully determined by IR method.     

Chemical processes in kaolin sintered with NaH2PO4

The results of experiments on application of NaH₂PO₄ as a binding agent for ceramic kaolin samples were presented. The experiments were carried out at temperatures of 973, 1073 and 1173 K and NiO and CoO additives were used as tempering agents. The parameters of the obtained samples with NaH₂PO₄ were compared with the samples compressed with water only. The materials of 3-4 times higher bending strength, lower water absorption as well decreased open porosity were prepared during these experiments. The binding function of the NaH₂PO₄ additive relies on creation of some compounds in reaction between the products of its condensation and products of kaolin decomposition. Finally a ceramic material of prospective properties was created. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

高岭土制备复合纳米晶的粘度和形态

莫来石;高岭土制备复合纳米晶的粘度和形态     

高岭土煅烧制白炭黑

白炭黑是一种外观白色透明,质轻,似绒毛状蓬松粉末的非晶质二氧化硅,工业上广泛用作补强剂、白色颜料、触变促进剂和稳定剂等．采用加热酸溶处理高岭土时,酸能溶解高岭石结构内的铝质,其硅质组分便以二氧化硅形式保留下来．使用稀硫酸、盐酸加热溶解精制高岭土,可得到纯度较高的白炭黑［１］．高岭土经预先焙烧以增强其酸溶反应活性后,便可用盐酸进行浸取［２］．高岭土的酸溶转化面临的一个问题是,以锐钛矿为主要存在形式的钛矿物能否被酸溶解．我们在研究劣质高岭土时,发现其中的钛矿物对稀硫酸、盐酸的酸溶反应都很稳定,最后累…     

Pd/MCM-41催化剂的制备及其光催化苯羟基化的研究

以酸化高岭土为原料,采用水热法在碱性介质中制得MCM-41分子筛.以此分子筛为载体制备了负载型Pd催化剂并对载体和催化剂进行了氮气吸附脱附、X射线粉末衍射和透射电镜等表征.研究其在光催化苯羟基化反应中的催化性能,考察了Pd的负载量、氧化剂的用量、不同光源及光照时间等反应条件对催化剂催化性能的影响,以及催化剂的回收重复利用率.结果表明以H_2O_2为氧化剂时,在汞灯照射下,Pd/MCM-41催化剂对苯羟基化反应表现出了良好的催化性能.     

高硅铝比高峰土超声强化酸浸反应动力学研究

用XRD谱图对比了煤系高岭土与高硅铝比高岭土煅烧酸浸前后的结晶分布特征，发现两者的煅烧活化过程完全相同，只有其中的高岭石经煅烧成为偏高岭石后才能进行酸反应，后者含有大量的硅铝化合物伴生矿使得最大浸取率很低，超声场的加入使颗粒细化，表面更新加快，导致浸出速率明显提高，但并未改变伴生矿结构与反应途径。故仍保持原有的最大浸取率，动力学分析表明，用液固缩芯反应模型能很好地模拟实验数据。与无超声下酸浸动力学相比，在较低的温度下，因超声空化效应造成颗粒细化与表面更新，加快了反应速率，使灰层扩散成为控制步骤。     

高岭土填充改性超高分子量聚乙烯的浆体冲蚀磨损特性

分别采用机械混合和釜内聚合方法在UHMWPE基体上填充高岭土,制得两类UHMWPE／Kaolin复合材料,考察了两类UHMWPE／Kaolin复合材料的浆体冲蚀磨损特性及其与冲击速度和高岭土含量之间的关系,通过对磨损表面形貌的观察分析,探讨了UHMWPE／Kaolin复合材料的磨损机理。结果表明,采用聚合方法制备的含高岭土约6．6％（质量分数）UHMWPE／Kaolin复合材料的浆体冲蚀磨损性能优于UHMWPE,是一种有应用前景的复合材料。     

在改性高岭土催化剂上甲醇脱水生成二甲醚的动力学考察

采用积分反应器,考察了常压下在改性高岭土（ＭＫ）催化剂上甲醇脱水生成二甲醚的反应动力学,根据Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ均匀吸附理论,采用Ｒ－Ｅ机理,推断吸附的甲醇分子与气相主体中的甲醇分子发生的表面反应为速率控制步骤（ＲＤＳ）,得到双曲线型动力学方程为：ｒ＝ｋｓｂＭｐＭ＾２／（１＋ｂＭｐＭ＋ｂｐＥ）ｒ为反应速率,ｋｓ为反应速率常数,ｂＭ为甲醇的吸附平衡常数,ｂ为二甲醚和水的吸附平衡常数之和,ｐＭ、ｐＥ分别为     

Effects of kaolin on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of polypropylene composite

Kaolin clay was introduced into an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system containing ammonium polyphosphate as an acid source and pentaerythritol as a carbonization agent in order to improve the thermal stability and flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP) composite. The flame retardancy and smoke suppression was evaluated by the limiting oxygen index, vertical burning UL‐94, and cone calorimeter (CONE) tests. The limiting oxygen index value was increased from 30 to 33 at the presence of 2 phr kaolin. The peak heat release rate value decreased from 1002 kW/m² of neat PP to 318 kW/m² of PP/40 phr IFR and then to 222 kW/m² of PP/38 phr IFR/2 phr kaolin. The time of the peak heat release rate was significantly prolonged after the introduction of kaolin. The morphology of char after combustion was characterized by a scanning electron microscope, and it revealed more compact char structure that was obtained at the presence of kaolin. The mechanism of kaolin on improving the retardancy and smoke suppression of PP/IFR composite was proposed on the basis of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

菱沸石-粘土复合物在沥青精制中的应用

阿尔伯塔的油砂资源日益成为北美重要的战略性能源供给.本实验室通过采用碱性条件下在高岭土表面上组装菱沸石的方法,合成了新型的菱沸石-粘土复合材料,并证明此复合材料是比菱沸石更好的油砂沥青精制剂.XRD,SEM,TEM,N2物理吸附和XPS表面元素分析结果表明,菱沸石-粘土复合材料具有大体积烃类分子可及的独特的外表面,该复合材料不仅可降低油砂沥青的裂解反应温度,同时还可大幅度脱除沥青中的硫、氮、镍和钒等杂质.