A Reusable Unsupported Rhenium Nanocrystalline Catalyst for Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Alcohols through γ‐C–H Activation

Rhenium nanocrystalline particles (Re NPs), of 2 nm size, were prepared from NH₄ReO₄ under mild conditions in neat alcohol. The unsupported Re NPs convert secondary and benzylic alcohols to ketones and aldehydes, respectively, through catalytic acceptorless dehydrogenation (AD). The oxidant‐ and acceptor‐free neat dehydrogenation of alcohols to obtain dihydrogen gas is a green and atom‐economical process for making carbonyl compounds. Secondary aliphatic alcohols give quantitative conversion and yield. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Re K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES), and X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data confirmed the characterization of the Re NPs as metallic rhenium with surface oxidation to rhenium(IV) oxide (ReO₂). Isotope labeling experiments revealed a novel γ‐CH activation mechanism for AD of alcohols.     

Picomole‐Scale Real‐Time Photoreaction Screening: Discovery of the Visible‐Light‐Promoted Dehydrogenation of Tetrahydroquinolines under Ambient Conditions

The identification of new photocatalytic pathways expands our knowledge of chemical reactivity and enables new environmentally friendly synthetic applications. However, the development of miniaturized screening procedures/platforms to expedite the discovery of photochemical reactions remains challenging. Herein, we describe a picomole‐scale, real‐time photoreaction screening platform in which a handheld laser source is coupled with nano‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. By using this method, we discovered an accelerated dehydrogenation pathway for the conversion of tetrahydroquinolines into the corresponding quinolines. This transformation is readily promoted by an off‐the‐shelf [Ru(bpy)₃]Cl₂?6 H₂O complex in air at ambient temperature in direct sunlight, or with the aid of an energy‐saving lamp. Moreover, radical cations and trans‐dihydride intermediates captured by the screening platform provided direct evidence for the mechanism of the photoredox reaction.     

丙烷脱氢PtSn/Al_2O_3催化剂积炭行为研究

通过HRTEM、XRD、FT-IR、Raman、~(13)C NM R、NH_3-TPD、DTG及元素分析等表征手段,研究了丙烷脱氢PtSn催化剂积炭性质及其对催化剂结构的影响,分析了催化剂的积炭失活过程。结果表明,积炭覆盖活性位并堵塞催化剂孔道是催化剂失活主要因素;与新鲜催化剂相比,催化剂积炭完全失活后,Pt颗粒粒径并没有明显变化;完全失活时,XRD谱图出现了无定形石墨炭的衍射峰;随着积炭量的增加,焦的石墨化程度越高,芳构化程度加深,难以消除的炭增多,再生难度加大。提出丙烷在Pt活性位深度脱氢形成积炭并向载体转移的历程,认为更为稳定的C_(24)H_(12)是积炭前驱体。     

载体对负载型NiSn催化剂丙烷脱氢性能的影响

研究了载体对负载型Ni Sn催化剂丙烷脱氢性能的影响,主要对比考察了以Si O2、Mg O、Al2O3、Mg Al2O4为载体的Ni Sn催化剂的丙烷脱氢性能。采用X射线衍射技术(XRD)、氮气吸附-脱附技术、氨气程序升温脱附技术(NH3-TPD)以及氢气程序升温还原技术(H2-TPR)对催化剂样品进行表征。结果表明,Si O2因具有较大的比表面积、大孔径、酸性较弱等特点,以其为载体制备所得催化剂中Ni2.67Sn2组分含量高,催化剂性能较高。     

新型茶香酮-氧化吲哚类拼接物的合成

本文基于新的方法学研究,以氧化吲哚1与茶香酮2,在DABCO和哌啶组合催化体系下,在溶剂乙醇65℃中发生Michael加成脱氢反应,合成了10个未见文献报道的茶香酮-氧化吲哚类拼接物3a~3j,产率为52%~71%, 其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS（ESI-TOF）表征,进一步通过单晶确定化合物3e的相对构型。该类化合物包含一个具有潜在生物活性的茶香酮骨架和氧化吲哚骨架,可以为生物活性筛选提供物质基础。      

天然气和二氧化碳转化制合成气的研究 Ⅴ．甲烷脱氢积炭反应特征

采用ＴＧ、ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ、ＥＤＡＸ和脉冲色谱技术，研究了Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ｎｉ／ＡＲＭ催化剂的甲烷脱氢积炭反应特征。结果指出，甲烷脱氢反应的积炭行为与催化剂上镍的分散状态有关。Ｎｉ－２催化剂上Ｎｉ的分散度小，晶粒大，甲烷脱氢形成的炭丝较长，主要以石墨型炭游离存在：而Ｎｉ／ＡＲＭ催化剂上Ｎｉ的分散度大，镍晶粒小，甲烷脱氢形成的炭丝较短，主要覆盖在催化剂活性中心表面。甲烷脱氢主要产生无定型炭和石墨型炭，其中无定型炭可以被ＣＯ２部分消除。在催化剂制备时，通过提高镍在催化剂表面的分散度，减小镍的晶粒大小，不仅可以提高催化剂的活性，而且可以提高ＣＯ２对积炭的消炭性能。     

1—甲氧基—1,3,5（10）,11—四烯—9—酮7αH—15—降桉烷的简便合成

报道了１－甲氧基－１，３，５（１０），１１－四烯－９－酮７αＨ－１５－降桉烷的简便合成，其关键步骤是４，１１－二烯－３，９－二酮－１４－降桉烷的ＤＤＱ重排脱氢反应。     

Oxidative Dehydrogenation of 1-Butene Over Magnetite

Magnetite (FC₃O₄), a partially reduced iron oxide, has long been considered as inactive in the oxidative dehydrogenation of butene. By studying a clean Fe₃O₄ powder, we found that Fe₃O₄, similar to other spinel ferrites, is not only active, but also more active and selective than α-Fe₂O₃. The active site densities and the desorption temperatures of oxidation products on Fe₃O₄ were also measured. Fe₃O₄ is, however, unstable under flow reaction conditions. Even if the bulk of the oxide is stabilized in the form of Fe₃O₄ at high temperatures and low O₂/C₄ ratios, its surface is gradually oxidized to a form close to α-Fe₂O₃, resulting in a decrease in both the activity and selectivity. The restructuring of the FC₃O₄ surface is temperature dependent. At 300°C, the high selectivity and activity of a low-surface-area Fe₃O₄ can be long preserved even if the bulk is oxidized to α-Fe₂O₃.     

异丁烷脱氢催化剂的研究

本文对异丁烷脱氢反应制异丁烯过程催化剂体系及其反应机理进行了述评,指出异丁烷脱氢依然是最有潜力的转化途径,但非贵金属高效催化剂的研制是其关键.详细总 结了不同载体和助剂对脱氢反应的影响,尤其是载体和助剂的酸碱性以及载体的孔结构.弱 酸中心有利于异丁烷脱氢反应的发生,较小的孔结构能提高反应的选择性.催化剂的抗积炭 性能研究表明: 载体表面的弱酸位和活性组分在表面的高分散度以及碱性助剂的加入,有 利于提高催化剂的抗积炭性能.对异丁烷的脱氢反应机理的研究进行了阐述.     

纳米Cr2O3系列催化剂上CO2氧化乙烷脱氢制乙烯反应

 采用溶胶－凝胶法和共沸蒸馏法耦合技术制备了纳米Cr2O3催化剂，并采用共沉淀法和共沸蒸馏法耦合技术制备了纳米Cr2O3／Al2O3，Cr2O3／ZrO2和Cr2O3／MgO复合催化剂．应用BET，XRD，XPS，TPR和TEM等物理化学方法对催化剂的结构和物化性质进行了表征，并考察了该系列催化剂上CO2氧化乙烷脱氢制乙烯的反应性能．结果表明，纳米Cr2O3催化剂上乙烷和CO2的转化率均明显高于常规Cr2O3催化剂，但乙烯的选择性低于常规Cr2O3催化剂；纳米复合催化剂中的复合成分显著影响催化剂的催化性能．其中，10％Cr2O3／MgO纳米复合催化剂在温度为973K时，乙烷转化率和乙烯选择性分别可达到61．54％和94．79％．纳米催化剂表面Cr的还原性以及Cr6＋／Cr3＋比值是影响乙烷转化率和乙烯选择性的重要因素．