磷钼杂多酸离子液体催化氧化脱硫

 合成了新型的磷钼杂多酸离子液体 [hmim]3PMo12O40, 并将其用于室温离子液体 1-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐 ([hmim]BF4) 为溶剂的模拟油品氧化脱硫反应. 结果表明, 在温和的反应条件下, 过氧化氢与硫摩尔比为 4:1 时, 二苯并噻吩脱硫率为 90%, 二苯硫醚、苯甲硫醚和二乙硫醚的脱除率可达 100%. 离子液体催化体系循环使用 4 次后, 脱硫率没有明显下降.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of an Ionic Compound [Fe(CN)_6·(PhCH_2NC_9H_7)_4]·12H_2O

A novel ionic compound [Fe(CN)6(PhCH2NC9H7)4]·12H2O (C70H80FeN10O12, Mr = 1309.29) has been synthesized and its structure was characterized by IR, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1, with a = 10.968(7), b = 11.466(7), c = 14.077(8) , α = 87.014(7), β = 78.124(7), γ = 72.708(7)o, V = 1654.1(17) 3, Z = 1, Dc = 1.314 g·cm–3, F(000) = 692, μ = 0.298 mm–1, the final R = 0.0519 and wR = 0.1355. The building unit of the title compound consists of four (PhCH2N+C9H7) ions, one [Fe(CN)6]4– anion, and a dozen water molecules. According to the structural analysis, [Fe(CN)6]4– ions are linked together by O–H···O and O–H···N hydrogen bonds, while (PhCH2N+C9H7) and [Fe(CN)6]4– ions interact with each other by electrostatic force to form an ionic compound.     

A sulfonic acid functionalized ionic liquid as a homogeneous and recyclable catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of α-aminophosphonates

A sulfonic acid functionalized ionic liquid is used as a Brønsted acid catalyst for the one-pot, three-component synthesis of α-aminophosphonates from aldehydes and ketones at room temperature in water. This homogeneous catalytic procedure is simple and efficient and the catalyst can be reused at least six times without any noticeable decrease in catalytic activity.     

Hydroxy-α-amino acids modified by ionic liquid moieties: recoverable organocatalysts for asymmetric aldol reactions in the presence of water

New chiral ionic liquids bearing proline, serine or threonine moieties were synthesized. Compounds that contain 1-dodecylimidazolium or 4-(5-n-nonyl)-pyridinium cations and NTf₂ or PF₆ anions efficiently catalyze the asymmetric aldol reaction between aldehydes and ketones in the presence of water to generate aldols with high distereo- (up to 98:2) and enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee). 4-Hydroxyproline modified by the 4-(5-n-nonyl)-pyridinium hexafluorophosphate moiety retains its activity and selectivity over at least eight reaction cycles.     

Electrochemical synthesis of PEDOT derivatives bearing imidazolium‐ionic liquid moieties

Novel poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) polymers bearing imidazolium‐ionic liquid moieties were synthesized by electrochemical polymerizations. For this purpose, new functional monomers were synthesized having an 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) unit and an imidazolium‐ionic liquid with different anions such as tetrafluoroborate (BF), bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide ((CF₃SO₂)₂N^?), and hexafluorophosphate (PF). Next, polymer films were obtained by electrochemical synthesis in dicholoromethane solutions. Obtained polymers were characterized, revealing the characteristics of PEDOT in terms of electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties, FTIR, ¹H NMR, and AFM microscopy. Interestingly, the hydrophobic character of electropolymerized films could be modified depending on the anion type. The hydrophobicity followed the trend PF > (CF₃SO₂)₂N^? > BF > pure PEDOT as determined by water contact angle measurements. Furthermore, the polymers could be dissolved in a range of polar organic solvents such as dimethylformamide, propylene carbonate, and dimethyl sulfoxide making these polymers interesting candidates for wet processing methods. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3010–3021, 2009     

The Co‐Entrapment of a Homogeneous Catalyst and an Ionic Liquid by a Sol–gel Method: Recyclable Ionogel Hydrogenation Catalysts

Molecular hydrogenation catalysts have been co‐entrapped with the ionic liquid [Bmim]NTf₂ inside a silica matrix by a sol–gel method. These catalytic ionogels have been compared to simple catalyst‐doped glasses, the parent homogeneous catalysts, commercial heterogeneous catalysts, and Rh‐doped mesoporous silica. The most active ionogel has been characterised by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and solid state NMR before and after catalysis. The ionogel catalysts were found to be remarkably active, recyclable and resistant to chemical change.     

Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes with Water‐Insoluble Porphyrin in Ionic Liquid: Direct Electrochemistry and Highly Sensitive Amperometric Biosensing for Trichloroacetic Acid

A functional composite of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with hematin, a water‐insoluble porphyrin, was first prepared in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF₆]) ionic liquid. The novel composite in ionic liquid was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and showed a pair of direct redox peaks of the Fe^III/Fe^II couple. The composite–[BMIM][PF₆]‐modified glassy carbon electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in neutral media due to the synergic effect among SWNTs, [BMIM][PF₆], and porphyrin, which led to a highly sensitive and stable amperometric biosensor for TCA with a linear range from 9.0×10^?7 to 1.4×10^?4 M . The detection limit was 3.8×10^?7 M at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3. The TCA biosensor had good analytical performance, such as rapid response, good reproducibility, and acceptable accuracy, and could be successfully used for the detection of residual TCA in polluted water. The functional composite in ionic liquid provides a facile way to not only obtain the direct electrochemistry of water‐insoluble porphyrin, but also construct novel biosensors for monitoring analytes in real environmental samples.     

Ionic Liquid‐Based Routes to Conversion or Reuse of Recycled Ammonium Perchlorate

New, potentially green, and efficient synthetic routes for the remediation and/or re‐use of perchlorate‐based energetic materials have been developed. Four simple organic imidazolium‐ and phosphonium‐based perchlorate salts/ionic liquids have been synthesized by simple, inexpensive, and nonhazardous methods, using ammonium perchlorate as the perchlorate source. By appropriate choice of the cation, perchlorate can be incorporated into an ionic liquid which serves as its own electrolyte for the electrochemical reduction of the perchlorate anion, allowing for the regeneration of the chloride‐based parent ionic liquid. The electrochemical degradation of the hazardous perchlorate ion and its conversion to harmless chloride during electrolysis was studied using IR and ³⁵Cl NMR spectroscopies.     

Speciation of Rare‐Earth Metal Complexes in Ionic Liquids: A Multiple‐Technique Approach

The dissolution process of metal complexes in ionic liquids was investigated by a multiple‐technique approach to reveal the solvate species of the metal in solution. The task‐specific ionic liquid betainium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Hbet][Tf₂N]) is able to dissolve stoichiometric amounts of the oxides of the rare‐earth elements. The crystal structures of the compounds [Eu₂(bet)₈(H₂O)₄][Tf₂N]₆, [Eu₂(bet)₈(H₂O)₂][Tf₂N]₆?2H₂O, and [Y₂(bet)₆(H₂O)₄][Tf₂N]₆ were found to consist of dimers. These rare‐earth complexes are well soluble in the ionic liquids [Hbet][Tf₂N] and [C₄mim][Tf₂N] (C₄mim=1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium). The speciation of the metal complexes after dissolution in these ionic liquids was investigated by luminescence spectroscopy, ¹H, ¹³C, and ⁸⁹Y NMR spectroscopy, and by the synchrotron techniques EXAFS (extended X‐ray absorption fine structure) and HEXS (high‐energy X‐ray scattering). The combination of these complementary analytical techniques reveals that the cationic dimers decompose into monomers after dissolution of the complexes in the ionic liquids. Deeper insight into the solution processes of metal compounds is desirable for applications of ionic liquids in the field of electrochemistry, catalysis, and materials chemistry.     

Reversible Uptake of COS,CS2, and SO2: Ionic Liquids with O‐Alkylxanthate,O‐Alkylthiocarbonyl,and O‐Alkylsulfite Anions

CO₂‐binding organic liquids (CO₂BOLs) are mixtures of a base (typically an amidine or guanidine) and an alcohol, and have been shown to reversibly capture and release CO₂ with low reaction energies and high gravimetric CO₂ capacity. We now report the ability of such liquid blends to chemically bind and release other acid gases such as CS₂, COS, and SO₂ analogously to CO₂. These systems bind with sulfur‐containing acid gases to form colored ionic liquids with new O‐alkylxanthate, O‐alkylthiocarbonyl, and O‐alkylsulfite anions. The capture and thermal stripping of each acid gas from these systems and their applicability towards flue gas desulfurization is discussed.