Effect of monomer concentration on characteristics of methacrylic acid-grafted polyethylene film prepared by photografting

The effect of monomer concentration on photografting of methacrylic acid (MAA) onto linear low-density polyethylene (PE) film (thickness=30 μm) was investigated at 60 °C in water solvent together with the location of MAA-grafted chains. Xanthone was used as a photoinitiator which was coated on the film sample earlier. The higher percentage of grafting and graft efficiency were afforded for the system with the higher monomer concentration. The resultant MAA-grafted films were subjected to measurements of pH-responsive character and ability to adsorb cupric ion in order to understand the characteristics of function introduced. The grafted samples exhibited the pH-responsive character, where they shrank and swelled in acidic and alkaline media, respectively. The pH-responsive character of the grafted films was higher for the samples prepared in the system with a higher monomer concentration. Moreover, the grafted samples exhibited the ability to adsorb cupric ion, and the ability was reduced when the sample was prepared in the system with a higher monomer concentration. The different extents of the pH-responsive character and ability to adsorb cupric ion of the resulting grafted PE films were discussed in terms of location of grafted chains in the film substrate, which was determined by a scanning electron microscope and an attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy.     

Molar volumes and ion pairing of lithium halides in alcohols

The concentration dependence of the apparent molar volumes of lithium halides (and electrolytes in general) in alcohols (and solvents permitting association in general) is, in the first instance, due to changes in the degree of association and to the inherent difference between the apparent molar volumes of the ions and of the ion pairs. Previous publications on the molar volumes of electrolytes in organic solvents, disregarding altogether ion pairing, appear to be incorrect. Data from the literature for lithium chloride and lithium bromide in normal primary alcohols and several branched alcohols from C₁ to C₈ and data from our laboratory for lithium halides in 1-hexanol and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol served for the determination of φ _V and φ _E . Electrical and structural contributions to the values of these functions for the ions and for the ion pairs are discussed.     

Simplex-optimization with a new criterion. Applications to dual-column ion chromatography

A new optimization criterion for chromatography is presented. It was designed to evaluate the quality of chromatograms in a way similar to human estimation. Selectivity, efficiency, and time of analysis as well as the number of peaks were taken into account. The criterion has been tested in comparison with expert estimations and some modern criteria. A better agreement of the new criterion with human estimation of chromatographic quality compared to some literature criteria is shown. A number of successful optimization runs has been performed using the criterion together with simplex optimization.     

XRD study of the dehydration and rehydration behaviour of Al-pillared smectites differing in source of charge

The swelling properties of Al-pillared clays, obtained from five different smectites, were studied using X-ray diffraction. These clays, the dioctahedral beidellite and montmorillonite and the trioctahedral saponite, hectorite and laponite differ in source of isomorphic substitution and represent a series of decreasing basicity along the siloxane plane. An Al oxyhydroxy cation was inserted between the layers to form the respective pillared clays and these clays were heated incrementally to 600°C. The XRD peaks at each stage of heating were recorded as well as the same samples subsequently wetted. Basal spacings of each clay at each stage of dehydration d rehydration indicated that the swelling of tetrahedrally substituted saponite and beidellite was indeed restricted, compared with the other three clays. This was attributed to greater basicity of the oxygen plane of beidellite and saponite due to tetrahedral substitution of Si by Al, resulting in an increase in the strength of hydrogen bonds between either water or the interlayer polyhydroxy cation and the clay.The data from the XRD analyses helped in addition, to clarify the thermal transformations of the Keggin ion itself. According to the changes in thed-spacings of the pillared clays it was concluded that the Keggin ion lost its structural water at 200°C and dehydroxylated in a range beginning at 350°C. Between 500 to 600°C this polymer cation, which is thought to form the Al₂O₃ oxide, did not rehydrate.Dedicated to Prof. Menachem Steinberg on the occasion of his 65th birthdayThe authors wish to thank Laporte Industries, Inc., U.K. for the laponite sample.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定天然水中微量铁的形态

研究了用抗坏血酸为还原剂,使二价铁离子与邻菲啰啉(phen)形成螯合物,用硝基苯萃取,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定有机相中的铁。方法检出限为1.7ng·ml~(-1),回收率为98.0％～109.6％,线性范围为0～10.0μg·ml~(-1)(原水相),线性相关系数为0.9994。测定结果与ICP-AES法结果对照相对误差小于9.46％。     

含磺酸,羧酸双功能基树脂对混合氨基酸的分离性能研究

对苯乙烯-丙烯腈-二乙烯基苯(S/AN/DVB)交联共聚机理研究曾发现,丙烯腈作为第三单体,可使DVB竞聚率比在S/DVB共聚体系中降低,相互分离显著,从而有利于合成性能较好的离子交换树脂;本文在此基础上,将S/AN/DVB共聚体中的氰基水解成羧基来合成含磺酸、羧酸双功能基树脂,解决了前人研究中仅有50％的氰基水解成羧基的问题,并首次将这种树脂应用于混合氨基酸的分离。     

用4,4‘—壬二酰基—双（1—苯基—3—甲基—吡唑酮—5）萃取分离钍

本文研究了标题试剂(简称H_2A)与Th(Ⅳ)的络合作用及萃取行为,考查了H_2A对Fe(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、La(Ⅲ)、Yb(Ⅲ)和U(Ⅵ)的萃取作用,试验了它对Th(Ⅳ)与上述元素及Ca(Ⅱ)、Mg(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅲ)、In(Ⅲ)、V(Ⅴ)、Zr(Ⅵ)的分离效果。     

Determination of vanadium, molybdenum and tungsten in complex matrix samples by chelation ion chromatography and on-line detection with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

In this work, two kinds of chelating resin, bis(2-aminoethylthio)methylated resin (BAETM) and γ-aminobutyrohydroxamate resin (γ-ABHX) were synthesized. Of these, the former has a hydrophobic skeleton, and the latter a hydrophilic skeleton. The functionalities of each were 0.91 and 2.21 mmol g⁻¹, respectively. The chelating behavior of these resins towards vanadium, molybdenum and tungsten as a function of pH was studied. To perform trace metals analysis in complex matrices, a hyphenated method-chelation ion chromatography (CIC) coupled on-line detection with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed. With a BAETM resin column (5×0.4 cm i.d.) as the separator, a sample volume of 20 μl, nitric acid (pH 1.5) as the eluent and a flow rate of 1 ml min⁻¹, the detection limits for the determination of vanadium, molybdenum and tungsten were lower than 0.05 ng ml⁻¹and the linear ranges were up to 100 ng ml⁻¹ for each element. By increasing the injected sample volume to 250 μl, the resin concentrator improved the detection limit to 0.01 ng ml⁻¹. For the determination of these elements (5 ng ml⁻¹ for each) spiked in artificial sea water samples, γ-ABHX resin column (3×0.6 cm i.d.) demonstrated well resolved peak separation between the analytes and the matrix elements—calcium and magnesium, by using sodium nitrate (10 ml, 10⁻⁴ M) as the eliminator.     

硫氰酸铵-罗丹明 B-H2O的液-固体系浮选分离铜(Ⅱ)的研究

研究了硫酸铵存在下硫氰酸铵-罗丹明B-H2O的液-固体系浮选分离铜(Ⅱ)的行为及其与常见离子分离的条件.结果表明,当(NH4)2SO4用量为1.0 g,0.1 mol·L-1硫氰酸铵溶液1.5 mL和0.001 mol·L-1罗丹明B溶液2.0 mL时,铜(Ⅱ)以不溶于水的三元离子缔合物(RhB)2[Cu(SCN)4]形式在液-固两相界面定量浮选析出,而Cdd2、Mn2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Al3+等离子在此条件下不被浮选,实现了铜(Ⅱ)与这些离子的定量分离,对合成水样中微量铜(Ⅱ)进行的定量浮选分离测定,浮选富集的平均回收率达101.4%.     

Formal Mathematical Analysis of the Existence of the Common Intersection Point in Relation to Determining the Parameters Describing Ion Adsorption at the Oxide/Electrolyte Interface: Comparison of the Triple and Four-Layer Models

For most oxide/electrolyte systems potentiometric titration curves measured for different ionic strengths have a Common Intersection Point (CIP) which corresponds to the Point of Zero Charge (PZC). However, there are systems where a CIP exists but the surface charge at this point does not equal zero (PZC CIP). In this paper theoretical analysis of the systems in which the PZC and CIP do not coincide is presented. It is based on the well-known 2-pK surface charging approach and Triple Layer Model (TLM) as well as the Four Layer Model (FLM) of the electric double layer. The appropriate mathematical criterion for CIP existence was applied with detailed derivations, both for TLM and FLM. Having determined in this manner the parameter values, one can draw proper conclusions about the features of oxide/electrolyte adsorption systems, in which PZC and CIP do not coincide. The values of adsorption parameters are found by fitting simultaneously the obtained theoretical expressions to both of the experimental titration isotherms, and to the individual isotherms of electrolyte cation adsorption measured using radiometric methods.