Studies are presented on dependency of dynamic interlaminar shear (ILS) strength on the experimental technique used for a typical plain weave E-glass/epoxy composite. Dynamic ILS strength was determined based on two experimental techniques, namely torsional split Hopkinson bar (TSHB) apparatus using thin walled tubular specimens and compressive split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus using single lap specimens. The results obtained from these techniques are compared. In general, it is observed that dynamic ILS strength for composites obtained by TSHB testing using thin walled tubular specimens is lower than the dynamic ILS strength obtained using single lap specimens in compressive SHPB. The issues involved in TSHB testing of thin walled tubular specimens made of composites are discussed and the reasons for reduced dynamic ILS strength using thin walled tubular specimens are highlighted. Finite element analysis (FEA) of thin walled tubular specimens made of composite and resin subjected to quasi-static torsional loading is presented. Using FEA results, the reasons for lower ILS strength of composite thin walled tubular specimens are substantiated. 相似文献
Polydisperse linear polymers are studied in startup of steady shear flow simulations using dissipative particle dynamics. The results show that with an increase in polydispersity the stress overshoot declines while the steady‐state stress increases. Various physical characteristics of the systems are studied including frequency of nonbonded interactions, gyration radius data, flow alignment angles, and average bond lengths. The patterns in the data suggest higher forces are necessary to orient and stretch long chain fractions in the flow direction. Relaxation modulus data prove the broad range of relaxation mechanisms in polydisperse systems. Linear viscoelasticity theory is used to quantify the relaxation spectrum. The results indicate an increase in the longest relaxation time in systems with higher polydispersity. The steady‐state shear viscosity results show higher viscosities with an increase in polydispersity at all shear‐rates. The good agreement of the characteristic behaviors of modeled polydisperse polymers with experiments is encouraging for future work.
Increasing complexity and diversity of polymersomes and their compartments is a key issue for mimicking cellular functions and protocells. Thus, new challenges arise in terms of achieving tunable membrane permeability and combining it with control over the membrane diffusion process, and thus enabling a localized and dynamic control of functionality and docking possibilities within or on the surface of polymeric compartments. This study reports the concept of polymersomes with pH‐tunable membrane permeability for controlling sequential docking and undocking processes of small molecules and nanometer‐sized protein mimics selectively on the inside and outside of the polymersome membrane as a further step toward the design of intelligent multifunctional compartments for use in synthetic biology and as protocells. Host–guest interactions between adamantane and β‐cyclodextrin as well as noncovalent interactions between poly(ethylene glycol) tails and β‐cyclodextrin are used to achieve selective and dynamic functionalization of the inner and outer spheres of the polymersome membrane. 相似文献
The shear dependence of the bulk viscosities of two structurally different types of perfluoropolyether fluids was determined by two different techniques. The first involved direct measurement in a high shear Couette viscometer, the second utilized the time-temperature superposition principle to establish master curves from viscosity determinations at low shear rates and temperature; the results are comparable. Both fluids begin to show non-Newtonian behavior at shear rates above 10,000 s–1. 相似文献
Based on the results of conventional triaxial compression tests for a soil, a trilinear elasto-plastic model is proposed to simulate the stress-strain softening curve. According to this curve, the constitutive relation between the bulk strain and two pr… 相似文献
Rheological properties of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymer
solution in both linear and nonlinear regions have been investigated. PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer solution shows a dramatic
change in mechanical properties as temperature changes. PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer undergoes a transition from sol to
gel with increase of temperature. During this transition the copolymer solution passes through three different stages, namely
sol, soft gel, and hard gel. In our previous research (Hyun et al. in J Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech 55:51–65, 2002), large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) behavior was found to be very sensitive to the generated microstructures. In this
study, we investigated the relationship between the LAOS type and the microdomain structure. Newtonian behavior is observed
in sol region, while there appear two kinds of LAOS types in the soft gel region. One is type I (G′, G′′ decreasing) and the other is a combination of type I and type IV (G′, G′′ increasing followed by decreasing). Type III (G′ decreasing, G′′ increasing followed by decreasing) is observed in the hard gel region. We compared the shape of stress curves, Lissajous
pattern, and Fourier transform (FT) rheology of hard gel and soft gel under LAOS, and tried to relate the complex LAOS behavior
with the microstructural change. From these investigations, it was found that the LAOS behavior and the stress pattern at
large strain are closely related to the microdomain structure of PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer, and provide a lot of useful
information on the microstructures induced by large deformation. 相似文献
An apparatus for the measurement of liquid complex shear viscosity in the frequency range 80–2500 Hz, with the use of a torsion pendulum operating in forced oscillation, is described. The drive and detection system consists of a magnet inside the pendulum, two excitation and two measuring coils. The determination of the complex shear viscosity is based on the measurement of the resonance frequency and the damping of the torsion pendulum.The feasibility of this method is demonstrated with a number of Newtonian liquids in the viscosity range 0.3 to 60 m Pa s. Results for a viscoelastic polymer solution are presented. A comparison is made with other apparatus working in the same frequency range.
a
coil height
-
A
apparatus constant
-
B
magnetic induction
-
C1,C2
apparatus constants
-
d
diameter torsion rod
-
D
pendulum damping
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E
apparatus constant
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F0
top frequency
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G
shear modulus torsion rod
-
G* =G + iG
complex shear modulus
-
h
length torsion rod
-
H
transfer function
-
i
-
I
moment of inertia
-
J0
excitation-current amplitude
-
Jexc
excitation current
-
K
torsion spring constant
-
l
length pendulum mass
-
M
torque
-
n
number of coil turns
-
p
dipole moment
-
Q = 0/
mechanical quality
-
r
radius pendulum mass
-
RRe {Z}
-
t
time
-
T
temperature
-
U
induction voltage
-
U0
induction-voltage amplitude
-
x
distance
-
XIm {Z}
-
Z = R + iX
liquid impedance
-
Zcyl
characteristic cylindrical impedance
-
Zpl
characteristic plane impedance
-
angle
-
M
coefficient of linear expansion of the pendulum mass
-
R
coefficient of linear expansion of the torsion rod
-
rate of shear
-
penetration depth
-
steady-state viscosity
-
s
solvent viscosity
-
angular displacement
-
0
angular-displacement amplitude
-
µ0
=4 10–7 Vs/Am
-
density
-
phase angle
-
angular frequency
-
0
top angular frequency
-
band-width 相似文献