A different operational mode for addressing the general elution problem in rapid analysis gas chromatography

The task of chromatographically separating a complex mixture containing constituents with a wide range of molecular weight has been referred to in the past as the “general elution problem”. A different operational mode for conducting gas chromatography, thermal gradient programmed gas chromatography, presently in the developmental stage, has been investigated and is proposed as a means whereby such separations might be accomplished rapidly. The inherent versatility of the technique for conducting rapid analyses (50 to 300 s duration) of complicated samples containing constituents with a wide range of volatility is considered in terms of the possibility of achieving the maximum amount of analytical information per unit time.     

Hysteresis effects in the plasma-electrode boundary sheath for frequencies of the order of the ion plasma frequency

The well-known boundary sheath theory applicable to low frequencies is extended for frequencies of the order of the ion plasma frequency. Phase shifts in the linear and nonlinear oscillations exist at different points of the sheath. A hysteresis effect is observed for the current-voltage characteristics and for the dependence of the sheath capacity on the voltage. An analytical approximation of the hysteresis curve is given. A comparison with experiments confirms the applicability of the theory. A simple analytical approximation formula for the sheath thickness as a function of the applied voltage is given.     

尘埃等离子体鞘层的玻姆判据

采用流体方程和自洽电荷变化模型研究了尘埃等离子体鞘层的玻姆判据. 讨论了离子临界马赫数和尘埃粒子临界马赫数随尘埃密度变化的关系, 以及尘埃表面势随尘埃密度变化的趋势. 由于鞘边尘埃粒子的存在, 离子必需以大于声速的速度进入鞘层; 随尘埃密度的持续增加, 离子的临界马赫数增加到一个最大值后开始逐渐减小. 数值计算得到的结果满足Sagdeev势的定性分析. 关键词： 等离子体 鞘层 玻姆判据     

头盔的声学性能测试与分析

本文设计了使用自相关函数以测试混响声衰变速度、自功率谱以测试插入损失的方法，用于头盔的回声与隔声效果分析．结果表明，这一方法物理概念明确，测试简单，可以定量地说明头盔的声学性能可能存在的问题，可望用于头盔的声学性能客观测试与分析方法的建立．     

Spectrophotometric determination of osmium with ethylisobutrazine hydrochloride

The sheath flow cuvette is used for refractive index determinations of neat solutions within picoliter probe volumes. In this detector, a sample stream is injected as a narrow stream into the center of a flowing sheath stream under laminar flow conditions. The sample stream retains its identity as a thin cylinder through the center of a 250-m square flow chamber. The propagation properties of a focused helium-neon laser are perturbed by interaction with the sample stream. Detection limits of RI=3×10^–6 were obtained within a 20 micrometer radius sample stream, corresponding to about a 400 picoliter probe volume. For analyte with refractive index significantly different than the solvent, detection limits are possible which correspond to a few picograms of analyte within the probe volume.     

快Z箍缩短脉冲大电流驱动源技术的发展

 实现惯性约束聚变（ICF）和高产额(high yield,HY)要求脉冲驱动电流峰值达到约60 MA，采用类似SATURN和Z装置等传统的技术途径进一步提高驱动电流，从装置造价、结构复杂性和运行可靠性等方面看都具有相当大的难度，因此，需要发展新的短脉冲大电流驱动源技术，解决快Z箍缩技术发展的瓶颈。概述了国际上快Z箍缩驱动源技术的研究现状和趋势，介绍了有代表性的ICF/HY等离子体辐射源（plasma radiation source 简称PRS）或威胁级大型X射线模拟源初步概念设计、拟采用的技术途径，如俄罗斯大电流所（HCEI）基于FLTD（fast linear transformer driver）技术的直接驱动源、美国基于FLTD的新SATURN驱动源和基于FMG（fast Marx generator）技术的快Z箍缩驱动源，提出了快Z箍缩直接驱动源需要发展的关键技术。     

Measurement of airborne sound insulation of timber noise barriers: Comparison of in situ method CEN/TS 1793-5 with laboratory method EN 1793-2

Recent progress in the development of European standards has allowed the in situ testing of roadside noise barriers. CEN/TS 1793-5 describes a test method using maximum length sequences (MLS) for the characterisation of airborne sound insulation. However, many barriers are tested according to a laboratory standard, EN 1793-2, based on measurements carried out in reverberant chambers and in the case of timber barriers with a relatively low airborne sound insulation it is not clear to what extent the results of the two tests compare. The paper describes the results of tests carried out using both methods. Six samples of timber barrier were compared including single-leaf and double-leaf constructions and single-leaf constructions with an absorptive core. Very good agreement was found especially when account was taken of the valid frequency range in each test method. The results open up the possibility of routinely evaluating the performance of timber barriers at the roadside where build quality can be variable and there are concerns that the acoustic performance may not match that obtained under laboratory test conditions where typically the barrier is more carefully constructed.     

等离子体鞘层中尘埃粒子的分布特性

采用柱槽状电极的流体模型，数值模拟了等离子体鞘层及鞘层中尘埃粒子的分布结构. 研究了尘埃粒子数、粒子大小、电极尺寸等因素对尘埃分布结构的影响. 研究表明：当等离子体密度较高时，鞘层较薄，反之鞘层较厚；当尘埃粒子数少时，尘埃分布形成一层结构，反之则形成多层结构；随电极尺寸的不同，尘埃粒子形成一些复杂而又有趣的结构. 关键词： 尘埃粒子 等离子体鞘层 电极     

激光重熔对等离子喷涂ZrO_2-20%Y_2O_3热障涂层隔热性能的影响

采用大气等离子喷涂(APS)技术在铝基体表面制备氧化锆(ZrO2-20%Y2O3,质量分数)热障涂层,并用脉冲激光对其进行重熔处理,研究了激光重熔对涂层组织形貌、物相转变和隔热性能的影响。研究结果表明激光的比能量对涂层的成型及性能有重要影响,过高的比能量会使涂层表面粗糙度增加,涂层成型变差。在选用合适的低比能量激光重熔条件下,扫描电镜观察结果表明经激光重熔可消除喷涂态涂层的孔隙和层状结构。对粉末和重熔前后的涂层进行了X射线衍射分析,结果表明喷涂及重熔过程中都没有发生相变;隔热试验结果表明重熔后涂层的隔热温度有所下降。     

强流电子束二极管陶瓷真空界面

从绝缘和机械强度两方面优化设计了一种应用于强流电子束二极管的陶瓷真空界面。首先,依据真空沿面闪络机理及其影响因素,针对外径220mm的陶瓷板,应用ANSYS静电场模拟,通过对阴极电极形状和阳极外壳尺寸的调整,使得陶瓷沿面电场和阴、阳极三结合点场强均得到了有效控制。模拟结果显示:陶瓷沿面电场分布均匀,阴、阳极三结合点场强小于30kV/cm,电场线与陶瓷表面所成角度基本保持在45°;其次,针对陶瓷与电极的约束结构,通过静力和瞬态冲击分析,确定了该陶瓷界面可承受的最大静压和冲击波最大峰压分别为4.8MPa和60MPa;最后,在脉宽200ns的脉冲功率驱动源上进行了实验研究,陶瓷真空界面平均绝缘场强达到44kV/cm,二极管运行稳定,机械性能可靠,实验结果与理论设计相符。