酶促酮酸酯还原合成(S)-2乙酰氧基十三烷

Bartelt等 [1] 于 1 989年首次从穆勒果蝇 (Drosophila mulleric)的雄性成虫体内分离出其聚集信息素 ,并确证其主要生物活性的成分为 (S) -构型的 2 -乙酰氧基十三烷 (1 ) ,而 (R) -构型无生物活性 .1 999年Hillbur等 [2 ,3 ] 发现碗豆瘿蚊 (Contarinia pisi)的雌性性信息素主要成分中也含有 (1 ) ,其对碗豆瘿蚊雄虫具有很强的性引诱作用 .有关 (1 )的合成报道较多的为酶促反应合成法 [4～ 7] .我们曾以 1 -苯砜基 - 2 -丙酮为原料经酶促还原反应合成了目标产物 ,此法尽管合成路线短 ,光学产率较高 ,但反应原料不易购得 ,且使用两摩尔比…     

L-(-)-Menthol in the Synthesis of Key Synthons for Optically Active Methyl-Branched Insect Pheromones

A synthesis of optically active 4S-methylhexanal, 1-bromo-3S-methylheptane, and 1-bromo-3S-methylundecane, which are key synthons for several methyl-branched insect pheromones, that is based on chemically selective transformations of 6-tosyloxy- and 6-iodoisopropyl-4R-methylhexanoates that are available from L-(-)-menthol was proposed. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 592–593, November–December, 2005.     

茄黄斑螟性信息素化学的结构签定(英文)

本文采用TLC、GC、微量臭氧化和GC-MS等分析方法,从茄黄斑螟雌蛾性腺体提取物中,分离和鉴定出性信息素反-11-十六碳烯醇乙酸酯(1a)。触角电位和田间试验证明,天然提取物和合成样品均有强烈的生物活性。     

Molecular basis for antifreeze activity difference of two insect antifreeze protein isoforms

The insect spruce budworm(Choristoneura fumiferana) produces antifreeze protein(AFP) to assist in the protection of the over-wintering larval stage and contains multiple isoforms. Structures for two isoforms,known as CfAFP-501 and CfAFP-337,show that both possess similar left-handed β-helical structure,although thermal hysteresis activity of the longer isoform CfAFP-501 is three times that of CfAFP-337. The markedly enhanced activity of CfAFP-501 is not proportional to,and cannot be simply accounted for,by the increased ice-binding site resulting from the two extra coils in CfAFP-501. In or-der to investigate the molecular basis for the activity difference and gain better understanding of AFPs in general,we have employed several different computational methods to systematically study the structural properties and ice interactions of the AFPs and their deletion models. In the context of intact AFPs,a majority of the coils in CfAFP-501 has better ice interaction and causes stronger ice lattice disruption than CfAFP-337,strongly suggesting a cooperative or synergistic effect among β-helical coils. The synergistic effect would play a critical role and make significant contributions to the anti-freeze activity β-helical antifreeze proteins. This is the first time that synergistic effect and its implica-tion for antifreeze activity are reported for β-helical antifreeze proteins.     

Novel synthesis of Planococcus citri pheromone

An effective method was proposed for synthesizing (+)-cis-1R-acetoxymethyl-3-isopropenyl-2,2-dimethylcyclobutane, a pheromone of the citrus mealybug, based on ozonolysis of verbenone that led in one step to the key synthon 1R,3S-3-acetyl-2,2-dimethylcyclobutanecarboxylic acid. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 179–180, March–April, 2006.     

MS/MS in structural analysis of an oviposition-deterring pheromone

A recently characterized oviposition-deterring pheromone (ODP, structure 1) of the European cherry fruit fly was used as a test case for probing the potential of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in structure elucidation as a stand-alone technique. The glycolipid-taurinate 1 was subjected to MS/MS analyses under a variety of conditions with and without preceding chemical degradation. Acidic methanolysis of 1 and subsequent in-batch derivatization (trideuterioacetylation) yielded methyl 2,3,4,6-tetrakis-O-trideuterioacetyl-glucopyranoside (2), methyl 8,15-bis-trideuterioacetoxy-palmitate (3), and taurine (4) as suitable target compounds for direct mixture analysis.Low energy collision induced dissociation (CID) on selected precursor ions (MS/MS on [M + H – CH₃OH]⁺ and [M + H]⁺ produced by fast atom bombardment (FAB)) allowed direct identification of 2 and 4, respectively, by comparison with appropriate reference ions. In the case of 3, low energy CID (desorption chemical ionization (DCI) instead of FAB, MS/MS on [M + H]⁺) permitted deduction of gross molecular structure, but failed to provide positional detail. In sharp contrast,high energy CID of trideuterioacetylated intact 1 (FAB-MS/MS on [M – H]^– ions of la) clearly revealed a linear 8,15-hydroxylated palmitic acid backbone. Less certain was assignment of 15-O-glucosylation by this approach.     

从月桂烯合成梨圆蚧性信息素

梨圆蚧是对果林危害较大的害虫。该虫的性信息素包括三个组分:3-亚甲基-7-甲基-7-辛烯-1-醇丙酸酯(1)、(2Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,7-辛二烯-1-醇丙酸酯(2)和(2E)-3,7-二甲基-2,7-辛二烯-1-醇丙酸酯(3)。本文介绍了通过对月桂烯进行结构改造来合成梨圆蚧性信息素,从月桂烯到1,总产率为19%。工业上从月桂烯制龋萑花醇和香叶醇,再将橙花醇和香叶醇转变为相应的氯烯醇后再还原、丙酰化即得2和3,其总产率分别为30%和28%。(以橙花醇和香叶醇计)。月桂烯可从β-蒎烯裂解而得。我国有丰富的蒎烯资源,所以开辟从月桂烯合成梨圆蚧性信息素的新途径具有重要的意义。     

Effects of glucose,glutamine, and malate on the metabolism of spodoptera frugiperda clone 9 (sf9) cells

Optimal design and operation of bioreactors for insect cell culture is facilitated by functional relations providing quantitative information on cellular metabolite consumption kinetics, as well as on the specific cell growth rates (μ_G). Initial specific consumption rates of glucose, malate, and oxygen, and associated changes in μ_G, were measured forSpodoptera frugiperda clone 9 (Sf9) cells grown in batch suspension culture in medium containing 7–35 mM glucose, 0–16 mM malate, and 4–16 mM glutamine. The initial specific glucose consumption rate (q _G ) could be described by a modified Michaelis-Menten equation treating malate as a “competitive” inhibitorK ₁ = 6.5 mM) and glutamine as a “noncompetitive” inhibitorK _I = 14 mM) ofq _G , with aK _m of 7.1 mM for glucose. All three carbon sources were found to increase μ_G in a saturable manner, and a modified Monod equation was employed to describe this relationship (μ_Gmax = 0.047 h^-1). The initial specific oxygen consumption rate (q_O2) in Sf9 cells could be related to μ_G by the maintenance energy model, and it was calculated that, under typical culture conditions, about 15–20% of the cellular energy demand comes from functions not related to growth. Fitted parameters in mathematical expression for μg: K₄, Monod constant for glucose (mM); K₅, modified Monod constant for malate (mM); K₆, Monod constant for glutamine (mM); m_o2, specific consumption rate of oxygen by the cells under zero-growth conditions (nmol/cell/h); q_F, initial specific fumarate production rate (nmol/cell/ h);q _G , initial specific glucose consumption rate (nmol/cell/h); q_Gmax, maximum initial specific glucose consumption rate (nmol/cell/h);q _M , initial specific malate consumption rate (nmol/cell/h); q_o2, initial specific oxygen consumption rate (nmol/cell/h); Y_o2, cell yield on oxygen (cells/nmol); μ, initial specific cell growth rate (h^-1); μ_g, initial specific cell growth rate (h^-1); μG_max, maximum initial specific cell growth rate (h^-1).     

2,8-二甲基-1,7-二氧杂螺[5,5]十一烷的合成

果蝇 ( Tephritidae)对水果生产有严重的危害 .热带果蝇寿命较长 ,具有很强的迁徙能力和繁殖能力 .因此开展果蝇生物防治和控制措施的相关研究具有重要的意义 [1,2 ] .Baker等 [3]发现性成熟的雌B.dorsalis果蝇 ,性腺分泌物中包含有螺环缩酮化合物 2 ,8-二甲基 - 1 ,7-二氧杂螺 [5 ,5 ]十一烷 ( 1 ) .Bactrocera Latifrons( Hendel)果蝇的雄性腺体分泌物中也存在螺环缩酮 1 [4 ] ,另外在 rove甲虫腹梢分泌物中也分离出 1 [5] ,螺环缩酮不仅作为性信息素组分存在于许多果蝇腺体中 ,而且作为结构单元存在于许多复杂的有强烈生理活性的天然…     

Measurement of Histamine in Stinging Insect Venoms by Isotachophoresis

Abstract

An isotachophoretic histamine assay has been developed to determine the histamine content in hymenoptera stinging insect venoms. The amount of histamine was lowest in bee venom (0.9%) while the histamine content of vespid venom extracts varied between 2.7–5.2%. Histamine, determined quantitatively by isotachophoresis, correlated well with the histamine values achieved with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography.