硝酸处理的活性碳催化苯一步合成苯酚

将市售的煤质活性炭用不同浓度的硝酸处理后,在乙腈体系下催化苯一步羟化成苯酚. 并对处理过的活性炭进行Boehm滴定、XPS/EDX、BET等方法表征,发现活性炭表面羧基的数量是影响其催化活性的主要因素. 得到苯酚的最高收率为15.7%,选择性为87.2%.     

纳米ZnO的制备及其在不同牺牲试剂下的光催化产氢性能

采用沉淀法与异相共沸蒸馏技术相结合制备了ZnO纳米粉体,并利用X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和液氮吸-脱附等技术对制备的样品进行了分析与表征．考察了Pt的负载量、煅烧温度以及牺牲试剂的种类和浓度对制备的纳米ZnO的光催化产氢效率的影响．结果表明：与其他温度下煅烧获得的产物相比,400 oC煅烧产物表现出最佳的光催化产氢效率,且以甲醇为牺牲试剂时纳米ZnO悬浮体系的光催化产氢效率远高于以三乙醇胺为牺牲试剂时的产氢效率．其原因在于光催化过程中甲醇氧化也对体系的产氢有贡献．此外,探讨了基于实验结果对含甲醇的     

EEG topography-specific BOLD changes: a continuous EEG-fMRI study in a patient with focal epilepsy

Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response related to interictal activity was evaluated in a patient with post-traumatic focal epilepsy at repeated continuous electroencephalogram (EEG)-functional magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Lateralized interictal EEG activity induced a main cluster of activation co-localized with the anatomical lesion. Spreading of EEG interictal activity to both frontal lobes evoked bilateral clusters of activation indicating that topography of BOLD response might depend on the spatial distribution of epileptiform activity.     

Optical current transducer with bulk type Bi12SiO20 faraday sensor for power systems

Two types of optical current transducers (OCTs) have a bulk Faraday sensor inserted into the gap of an iron core and a porcelain insulator with optical fiber. The sensor consists of Bi₁₂SiO₂₀ (BSO) single crystal, a polarizer, and an analyzer. The OCTs satisfied the target performance requirement for fault location and metering and demonstrated maintained performance at some power utilities in Japan and the US. We have developed a fault location system that immediately detects the fault current with the OCTs, there by locating the fault section. The OCT can easily replace the existing support insulators for the disconnecting switch without any modifications to structure height or bus-bar. For metering requiring 0.3% class accuracy, use of a BSO with right optical rotatory power combined with BSO with left optical rotatory power results in a Faraday sensor with improved temperature characteristics. The OCT demonstrated 0.3% class accuracy for metering described in the current transformer Specifications of IEEE C57–13, 1993.     

Study on the photocatalytic activity of K2La2Ti3O10 doped with zinc(Zn)

The layered perovskite type oxides, K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀ and zinc(Zn)-doped K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀ were prepared by sol-gel method and were characterized by power X-ray diffraction, UV-vis diffuse reflectance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity for water splitting of the catalyst powders was investigated with I⁻ as electron donor under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation respectively. The electronic structure of the powders has been analyzed by the first principles calculation, which reveals the photo responses in the visible region and the improvement of the photocatalytic activity of K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀. Conclusions were made that zinc(Zn)-doped K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀ exhibited higher reactivity for hydrogen production. When I⁻ was used as electron donor, the optimum doping concentration of zinc(Zn) was found to be 0.015:1 (n_Zn:n_Ti). The average hydrogen production rates were 126.6 μmol/(gcat h) under ultraviolet irradiation and 55.5 μmol/(gcat h) under visible light irradiation which were raised by 131% and 251% compared with undoped K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀ photocatalyst, respectively.     

Visualization and optimization of cavitation activity at a solid surface in high frequency ultrasound fields

Despite the increasing use of high frequency ultrasound in heterogeneous reactions, knowledge about the spatial distribution of cavitation bubbles at the irradiated solid surface is still lacking. This gap hinders controllable surface sonoreactions. Here we present an optimization study of the cavitation bubble distribution at a solid sample using sonoluminescence and sonochemiluminescence imaging. The experiments were performed at three ultrasound frequencies, namely 580, 860 and 1142 kHz. We found that position and orientation of the sample to the transducer, as well as its material properties influence the distribution of active cavitation bubbles at the sample surface in the reactor. The reason is a significant modification of the acoustic field due to reflections and absorption of the ultrasonic wave by the solid. This is retraced by numerical simulations employing the Finite Element Method, yielding reasonable agreement of luminescent zones and high acoustic pressure amplitudes in 2D simulations. A homogeneous coverage of the test sample surface with cavitation is finally reached at nearly vertical inclination with respect to the incident wave.     

Effects of multi-frequency ultrasound pretreatment under low power density on the enzymolysis and the structure characterization of defatted wheat germ protein

The effects of ultrasonic frequency mode, power density, pretreatment time and other parameters under low power density on the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of defatted wheat germ protein (DWGP) and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of DWGP hydrolysate were studied in this research. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectra, free sulfhydryl (SH), disulfide bond (SS), surface hydrophobicity and hydrophobic protein content of ultrasound-pretreated protein and hydrophobic amino acid (HAA) content of alcalase-hydrolysate of DWGP were measured under optimized ultrasonic condition. The ultrasonic frequency mode with dual-fixed frequency combination of 28/40 kHz showed higher ACE inhibitory activity of DWGP hydrolysate compared with that of other ultrasound frequency modes and all the ultrasonic frequency combinations involving in 28 kHz showed higher ACE inhibitory activity. Under the dual-fixed frequency ultrasound mode of 28/40 kHz, ultrasonic power density of 60 W/L, pretreatment time of 70 min, temperature of 60°C and substrate concentration of 60 g/L, the ACE inhibitory activity of DWGP hydrolysate was the highest with its value of 74.75% (increased by 62.30% compared to control). However, all the ultrasonic pretreatment did not increase the DH of DWGP significantly (p > 0.05). The changes in UV–Vis spectra, SH and SS groups, surface hydrophobicity and hydrophobic protein content indicated that the structure of DWGP unfolded after ultrasound pretreatment. The HAA content of hydrolysate from the pretreated DWGP increased significantly (p < 0.05). The results proved that ultrasound pretreatment loosed the protein structure and exposed more HAA residues of protein to be attacked easily by alcalase. This resulted in the increase in the HAA content which related to the ACE inhibitory activity.     

Pd/Au纳米结构制备和粒子组分自旋的谱学性能研究

为研究Pd/Au纳米结构制备和电催化性能、控制粒子大小组分和自旋,用油浴热分解方法制备了核/壳纳米结构Pd/Au双金属合金纳米颗粒,采用PVP和多元醇作表面活性剂和稳定剂,依据溶液浓度、颗粒大小、吸附能控制晶相获得了均匀、一致的2层和3层Pd/Au纳米样品,并采用HAADF和HRTEM测试了纳米结构尺寸形貌,用EDS测试了成分分布,试验产物用TEM/XRD进行了表征,结果表明,Pd/Au具有面心立方八面体结构,与Au/Pd核壳不同,纳米Pd/Au具有活性、耐久性、电催化性和稳定性。     

Possible triggering of solar activity to big earthquakes (Ms ≥ 8) in faults with near west-east strike in China

A big earthquake (Ms = 8.1) occurred at western Kunlun Mts gap on November 14, 2001. It is the biggest earthquake in China in the past 50 years and the only one with a magnitude bigger than 8 in China after Dangxiong Earthquake (M = 8) in Tibet in 1951. The big earthquake has drawn wide attention of scientists in seismological, geophysical, geological and astro-geodynamic circles. Scientists are interested in the occurrence regularity of the very big earthquakes and try to find out the fac…